Risk Taking by Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a Behavioral and Psychophysiological Investigation of Peer Influence

Dekkers, Tycho J.; Popma, Arne; Sonuga‐Barke, Edmund; Oldenhof, Helena; Bexkens, Anika; Jansen, Brenda R.J.; Huizenga, Hilde M.

doi:10.1007/s10802-020-00666-z

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 82 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The early-malnutrition [ 39 ] and food-intolerance hypotheses [ 20 ] may thus apply to the meat-avoiding group as well. Alternatively, the decision to (partially) eliminate meat from one’s diet might be influenced by fluctuating societal trends, to which impulsive individuals may be more sensitive [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, Physical Activity, and Disinhibition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A UK Biobank Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disinhibition is a prominent feature of multiple psychiatric disorders, and has been associated with poor long-term somatic outcomes. Modifiable lifestyle factors including diet and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may be associated with disinhibition, but their contributions have not previously been quantified among middle-aged/older adults. Here, among N = 157,354 UK Biobank participants aged 40–69, we extracted a single disinhibition principal component and four dietary components (prudent diet, elimination of wheat/dairy/eggs, meat consumption, full-cream dairy consumption). In addition, latent profile analysis assigned participants to one of five empirical dietary groups: prudent-moderate, unhealthy, restricted, meat-avoiding, low-fat dairy. Disinhibition was regressed on the four dietary components, the dietary grouping variable, and self-reported MVPA. In men and women, disinhibition was negatively associated with prudent diet, and positively associated with wheat/dairy/eggs elimination. In men, disinhibition was also associated with consumption of meat and full-cream dairy products. Comparing groups, disinhibition was lower in the prudent-moderate diet (reference) group compared to all other groups. Absolute βs ranged from 0.02–0.13, indicating very weak effects. Disinhibition was not associated with MVPA. In conclusion, disinhibition is associated with multiple features of diet among middle-aged/older adults. Our findings foster specific hypotheses (e.g., early malnutrition, elevated immune-response) to be tested in alternative study designs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, Physical Activity, and Disinhibition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A UK Biobank Study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All five studies in the present analysis used an electrocardiogram to measure electrical heart signals ( 1 , 14 , 45 , 47 , 73 ). The type and duration of tasks are represented in Table 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers from one study (i.e., 1 ) provided additional data upon request to analyze potential ADHD subtype and symptom severity differences. Supplementary data from two studies were used to calculate effect sizes ( 14 , 47 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary sources of information for younger children are parents, teachers, or other caregivers, with older children and adolescents more involved in the evaluation ( 12 ). Moreover, structured and semi-structured diagnostic interviews, including the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-IV; 13 ), are often used to assess ADHD symptomatology, as well as the presence of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses that share similar symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating and impulsivity (e.g., Oppositional Defiant Disorder [ODD], Conduct Disorder [CD], and General Anxiety Disorders; 14 ). Additionally, ADHD diagnoses are often classified by one of three broad subtypes: Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive, and Combination, with broad behavioral diversity within and across the categories ( 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike HRV, which measures the inter-heartbeat variations, HRR measures the average beats per minute of the heart after an autonomically arousing event, such as a stressor or a task ( 40 ). Both HRV and HRR can provide insight into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Childhood ADHD, Going Beyond the Brain: A Meta-Analysis on Peripheral Physiological Markers of the Heart and the Gut

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in children. Questions regarding its increased diagnostic rates and pharmacological treatments in developing children have led to a more holistic review of the multi-system pathophysiology observed in ADHD. The dopaminergic neurotransmitter system, known for its influence on reward-motivated behaviors and motor control, and the frontostriatal systems, that mediate motor, cognition, and behavior, are associated with ADHD’s development. However, studies have shown that these neural systems do not wholly account for ADHD’s multilayered and heterogeneous symptom presentation. For instance, the literature suggests that emotional dysregulation, the inability to regulate one’s emotional responses to provoking stimuli, is associated with increased risk for social impairment in ADHD. A broader examination of physiological systems in children with ADHD has found potential markers in the heart-brain and gut-brain axes that correspond with certain behaviors associated with emotional dysregulation in recent studies. Hence, the purpose of this meta-analysis is to aggregate ten applicable published case studies and analyze task-related heart rate reactivity (HRR; n = 5 studies) and gut microbiota (n = 5 studies) data in children with and without ADHD. Data from a total of 531 youth with ADHD and 603 youth without ADHD revealed significant small and medium effect sizes for higher Chao1 levels and Actinobacteria levels in the ADHD group, respectively, but no evidence of altered task-related HRR. Thus, further research into multi-system psychophysiological measures of emotional dysregulation and ADHD is warranted. The clinical, empirical, and educational implications of these findings are discussed.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42021236819).

show abstract

Peer feedback decreases impulsive choice in adolescents with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Hoorn

Water²,

Dekkers

et al. 2022

JCPP Advances

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Impulsivity is a core feature of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous work using the delay discounting task to assess impulsivity reveals that adolescents with ADHD tend to prefer a smaller‐immediate reward over a larger‐delayed reward, and this relates to problematic choices in daily life. To gain a better understanding of daily decision‐making in adolescence, it is important to examine the social context, as peers have a major influence on decisions. Peer influence often has a negative connotation, but also provides an opportunity to promote positive outcomes. To date, it is unclear if peers affect impulsive decision‐making in adolescents with ADHD, for better or for worse. Methods The aim of this preregistered study was to examine the effect of peer feedback on impulsive choice in male adolescents with and without ADHD (ages 13–23; N = 113). We utilized an adapted delay discounting task that was administered alone, in a social condition, and alone again. In the social condition, adolescents received either (between‐subjects) manipulated impulsive or non‐impulsive peer feedback. Impulsive peer feedback consisted of likes for choosing the smaller immediate reward, whereas non‐impulsive peers endorsed choosing the larger delayed reward. Results Preregistered analyses showed that non‐impulsive peer feedback resulted in decreased impulsive choice, whereas impulsive peer feedback did not alter decision‐making in adolescents with and without ADHD. Explorative analyses of inattention and hyperactivity‐impulsivity symptoms in the total sample, irrespective of diagnosis, showed that lower hyperactivity–impulsivity and more inattention symptoms were associated with increased susceptibility to non‐impulsive peer feedback. Conclusions Together, these findings indicate that peers may provide an opportunity to decrease impulsivity and emphasize individual differences in susceptibility to non‐impulsive peer feedback related to inattention and hyperactivity–impulsivity. Therefore, peer feedback may be a promising component in behavioral peer‐supported interventions in adolescents with ADHD.

show abstract

Risk Taking by Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a Behavioral and Psychophysiological Investigation of Peer Influence

Cited by 19 publications

References 82 publications

Diet, Physical Activity, and Disinhibition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A UK Biobank Study

Diet, Physical Activity, and Disinhibition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A UK Biobank Study

Childhood ADHD, Going Beyond the Brain: A Meta-Analysis on Peripheral Physiological Markers of the Heart and the Gut

Peer feedback decreases impulsive choice in adolescents with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About