Risk taking and the triarchic model of psychopathy

Snowden, Robert Jefferson; Smith, Cecil L.; Gray, Nicola S.

doi:10.1080/13803395.2017.1300236

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Similarly, Gray et al (in preparation) have shown that TriPM Boldness is associated with increased levels of instrumental, but not reactive, violence. Additionally, Boldness has previously been related to increased levels of instrumental risk taking (Rogers, Viding, & Cahamorro-Premuzic, 2013) and on laboratorybased measures of risk taking (Snowden, Smith and Gray, 2017). These results are consistent with the idea of someone who can calculate risks, but chooses to act in the face of such risks in an unemotional and non-impulsive manner.…”

Section: Boldnesssupporting

confidence: 69%

Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of the triarchic model of psychopathy to different forms of impulsivity in offenders and community participants

Weidacker

O'Farrell

Gray

et al. 2017

Personality and Individual Differences

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Psychopathic individuals are considered to be impulsive, but impulsivity is a multifaceted construct (including positive and negative urgency, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking). We investigated the relationships between the Triarchic Psychopathy Model (TriPM), conceptualising psychopathy in terms of: Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition, and UPPS-P Impulsivity. Prison and community participants were examined to assess for consistency in relationships between psychopathic traits and impulsivity across these samples. Boldness related to high sensation seeking, but to low negative urgency and strong perseverance. Disinhibition related to high levels of negative/ positive urgency, and poor planning. Meanness was linked to most forms of impulsivity. While the samples showed small differences (higher Sensation Seeking for the community sample, and greater TriPM Disinhibition for the offenders), there were no differences in the relationships between TriPM and UPPS-P. The findings support the dimensional model of psychopathy and demonstrate that some aspects of psychopathy are related to reduced impulsivity. This might explain why some psychopathic offenders are able to commit instrumental violence or criminal behaviour that requires a high level of planning and persistence. March 29 th , 2017 Dear Editor, Thank you for the comments to our paper. We have made the changes requested and have detailed them below. For your convenience we have italicized the comments of the reviewer and have typed our response in red below each one.

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Section: Boldnesssupporting

confidence: 69%

Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of the triarchic model of psychopathy to different forms of impulsivity in offenders and community participants

Weidacker

O'Farrell

Gray

et al. 2017

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…The continued selection of risky options is generally consistent with previous studies (Mitchell et al, 2002 ; van Honk et al, 2002 ; Dean et al, 2013 ), further suggesting that psychopathic tendencies may be associated with an inability to translate experience with negative outcomes into behavioral adaptations. Many have surmised that the psychopathy-related inability to adopt optimal decision-making strategies is indicative of attenuated somatic/emotional signals which normally function to guide avoidance of negative outcomes (Bechara et al, 2000 ; van Honk et al, 2002 ; Bechara, 2004 ; Birbaumer et al, 2005 ; Hughes et al, 2016 ; Snowden et al, 2017 ). Neuroimaging studies aid in this interpretation as the neuroanatomy of somatic signaling and reward processing has been well delineated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Trait Psychopathy Is Associated with Increased Risky Decision-Making and Less Coincident Insula and Striatal Activity

Fishbein

2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Higher trait levels of psychopathy have been associated with both a tendency to maintain disadvantageous decision-making strategies and aberrant cortico-limbic neural activity. To explore the neural mechanisms associated with the psychopathy-related propensity to continue selecting risky choices, a non-forensic sample of participants completed a self-report psychopathy questionnaire and two runs of a risky decision-making task during H215O positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. In this secondary data analysis study, we leveraged data previously collected to examine the impact of previous drug use on risky decision-making to explore the relations between self-reported psychopathy and behavioral and brain metrics during performance of the Cambridge Decision-Making Task (CDMT), in which volunteers chose between small/likely or large/unlikely potential reward outcomes. Behaviorally, we observed that psychopathy scores were differentially correlated with the percent of risky decisions made in run 1 vs. run 2 of the task. Specifically, higher levels of psychopathy, above and beyond that attributable to drug use or sex, were associated with greater tendencies to make risky selections only in the second half (run 2) of the task. In parallel, psychopathy scores negatively correlated with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the right insula and right ventral striatum during run 2 of the CDMT. These exploratory outcomes suggest that greater levels of psychopathy may be associated with an inability to translate experience with negative outcomes into behavioral adaptations possibly due to decreased neural efficiency in regions related to somatic and/or reward feedback processes.

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“…Research is needed to expand these findings to other populations with greater diversity and into other RUNNING HEAD: TRiPM and violence 19 settings. It would also be of interest to see how the different subscales of psychopathy are related to neuropsychological function such as impulsivity or risk taking (Snowden, Smith, & Gray, 2017), how this mediates aggressive behavior, and whether the dimensions can be used to inform intervention and enhance offender management.…”

Section: Implications For Future Research and Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

The Triarchic Model of Psychopathy and Antisocial Behavior: Results From an Offender Population With Personality Disorder

Gray

Blumenthal

Shuker

et al. 2019

J Interpers Violence

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Risk taking and the triarchic model of psychopathy

Cited by 25 publications

References 75 publications

Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of the triarchic model of psychopathy to different forms of impulsivity in offenders and community participants

Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of the triarchic model of psychopathy to different forms of impulsivity in offenders and community participants

Higher Trait Psychopathy Is Associated with Increased Risky Decision-Making and Less Coincident Insula and Striatal Activity

The Triarchic Model of Psychopathy and Antisocial Behavior: Results From an Offender Population With Personality Disorder

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