Risk-Taking and Self-Control: Social Psychological Correlates of Delinquency

Wood, Peter H.; Pfefferbaum, Betty; Arneklev, Bruce J.

doi:10.1080/0735648x.1993.9721481

Cited by 173 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These modifications to the LSC scale were consistent with modifications made in previous studies using this scale. 6,7,15,23 Criminal behavior, measured 6 months after baseline, was separated into two categories: those crimes that involved damage or theft of property and those crimes that involved violence directed at other individuals. The criminal behavior variables represent the number of different crimes within each category that each individual reported committing in the last 6 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Self-Control as a Multidimensional Predictor of Crime and Drug Use in Adolescents with Criminal Histories

Conner

Stein

Longshore

2008

J Behav Health Serv Res

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The general theory of crime posits that variability in propensities to engage in crime and deviance is partly a function of individual differences in low self-control (LSC). LSC is hypothesized to comprise of six subdomains: impulsiveness, preference for physical activities, risk seeking, self-centeredness, preference for simple tasks, and volatile temper. Using structural equation modeling, LSC was examined to determine if a global self-control measure or a multidimensional measure of its subdomains was a more salient predictor of violent and property crimes and drug use among adolescent male offenders (n=317). Only the multidimensional model adequately fit the data. Risk seeking predicted violent and property crimes, whereas volatile temper predicted violent crimes and drug use. The general theory of crime may obscure differences in the explanatory power of selfcontrol subfactors for specific types of crime, especially within at-risk youth. Findings have implications for effective interventions among adolescent males with criminal histories.According to the general theory of crime, 1 variation in the propensity to engage in crime and deviance is primarily a function of individual differences in self-control, which is conceptualized as a latent personality trait. Gottfredson and Hirschi 1 defined self-control as the degree to which a person is "vulnerable to the temptations of the moment" (p. 87) . Those that are more vulnerable to these temptations are described as having low self-control.Gottfredson and Hirschi 1 defined low self-control using six distinct characteristics: (1) the tendency to have a here-and-now orientation, preferring immediate reward with an inability to defer gratification, (2) a preference for physical rather than cognitive activities, (3) adventurousness and a preference for engaging in risky activities, (4) self-centeredness or insensitivity to the needs of others, (5) a preference for simple gratifications and avoidance of complex tasks, and (6) minimal tolerance for frustration, which is characterized as responding to conflict in a physical rather than verbal manner. Gottfredson and Hirschi 1 argued that low self-control arises from ineffective socialization early in life and is a stable trait that persists over the lifespan. Additionally, they view low self-control as the primary individual-level factor In order to measure an individual's level of self-control, Grasmick and colleagues developed the low self-control scale (LSC). 2 The LSC contains 24 items arranged into six subscales: impulsiveness, preference for physical activities, risk seeking, self-centeredness, preference for simple tasks, and volatile temper. These subscales represent interpretations by Grasmick and colleagues of the tenets of Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control construct. 1 Grasmick and colleagues' analyses of data collected during scale construction indicated that the LSC scale could not be explained by a single factor, but that a six factor solution was more appropriate. Despite this result, howe...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Self-Control as a Multidimensional Predictor of Crime and Drug Use in Adolescents with Criminal Histories

Conner

Stein

Longshore

2008

J Behav Health Serv Res

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“…The response of the scale was according to the Likert scale with six responses, Thus, a whole range scale runs between (0-80), where the higher mark was an indicator to the increased level of self-control, Respondents responses have been classified into five categories as follows: Very low self-control (17) degrees or less, low self-control (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) degrees, the average self-control (30-41) degrees, high self-control, (42-53 ) degree, very high self-control (54) degrees and above.…”

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-control was influenced by the gender variable where studies have shown that females are more self-control than male. [23,24,25,26,27,28], Previous studies have also showed that the self-control was influenced by the age [29,30], Previous experiences [18,31], the economic and social level of the family [24,32,33], and the culture of the society in which the individual lives, [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of the Self Control and Self-management Skills Scale SCMS on the Student of University of Najran

Al-Smadi¹,

Bani-Abduh²

2017

ujer

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This study aimed to Standardizes self-control and self-management skills (SCMS), Mezo 2009 , on students in the university of Najran And to identify the psychometric properties of the scale in the Arab Environment the society of Najran University student by taking a number of Procedures (Validity and reliability of the Scale ) and to get the Arabic version of self-control and self-management skills (SCMS; Mezo, 2009), Where the scale was applied on a sample of (288) students to verify truthfulness exploratory factorial, as well as cubits on a sample of 120 students to verify the genuineness of consistency, the results of Exploratory Factor Analysis, where self-control and the skills of self-management for scale (Mezo, P. 2009) was applied after making some modifications for the items of the third dimension, and to verify the factorial validity has been conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis of the responses of the study sample, it was conducted a factor analysis of the items of this scale in a way the Principal Component analysis, The results of the study showed that the self-control and self-management skills scale for Mezo, P. 2009 was enjoyed with factorial validity where it was reached to two factors: the first factor, a pure factor loading (80.4%) of the variation where all items of the scale has been loaded except the first item "When I work toward something, it gets all my attention" and the second factor: Is also a pure factor loading (59.5%) of the variation where loading of items of each of the first and the second of sub-scales in the original version of the scale on this factor, while one item only of the third sub-scale in the original scale was not loaded, In the light of this the first factor was named self-evaluating and reinforcing, and consists of 10 items, and the second factor: self-monitoring, and consists of (6) items, so the results of the study showed there is a theoretical building behind this scale, which is an acceptable indication of the validity of the scale in the Arab environment.

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“…Adolescents that were particularly high in sensation seeking were found to also select friends with similarly high sensation seeking and were more susceptible to peer influences compared to adolescents who were lower in sensation seeking (Mann et al, 2016). Wood et al (1993) found that the risk-taking dimension of self-control theory was the most influential factor across various types of delinquency and the individual propensities for risk-taking may be influential in the decision-making process between seeking sensation through deviant means verses socially approved stimulation such as through organized sports. Cultural and social limitations may prevent some individuals from finding socially acceptable sources of stimulation for sensation seeking, which could lead those individuals to delinquency (Wood et al, 1993).…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Theory Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there have been numerous studies examining the connection between deviant behavior and risk-taking or sensation seeking (Brezina & Aragones, 2004;Romer & Hennessy, 2007;Ruedy, Moore, Gino, & Schweitzer, 2013;Wood, Cochran, Pfefferbaum, & Arneklev, 1995;Wood, Pfefferbaum, & Arneklev, 1993), supporting the influence of physiological rewards on behavior proposed by nonsocial reinforcement theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sources of behavioral reinforcement : an examination of nonsocial reinforcement theory.

Tolle¹

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Risk-Taking and Self-Control: Social Psychological Correlates of Delinquency

Cited by 173 publications

References 16 publications

Examining Self-Control as a Multidimensional Predictor of Crime and Drug Use in Adolescents with Criminal Histories

Examining Self-Control as a Multidimensional Predictor of Crime and Drug Use in Adolescents with Criminal Histories

Standardization of the Self Control and Self-management Skills Scale SCMS on the Student of University of Najran

The sources of behavioral reinforcement : an examination of nonsocial reinforcement theory.

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