Risk Stratification in Paragangliomas with PASS (Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score) and Immunohistochemical Markers

Kulkarni, M. L.; Khandeparkar, Siddhi Gaurish Sinai; Deshmukh, Sanjay D; Karekar, Rajesh; Gaopande, Vandana L.; Joshi, Avinash R; Kesari, Mrunal; Shelke, Dr. Rahul Ramkrishna

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/20565.8419

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…After the proposal of PASS, several validation studies were reported in the literature (82,(85)(86)(87). The presence of relatively high inter-/intra-observer variation has been reported in the confirmatory studies indicated above.…”

Section: Pass (Pheochromocytoma Of the Adrenal Gland Scale Score)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent Advances in Histopathological and Molecular Diagnosis in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Challenges for Predicting Metastasis in Individual Patients

et al. 2020

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Section: Pass (Pheochromocytoma Of the Adrenal Gland Scale Score)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent Advances in Histopathological and Molecular Diagnosis in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Challenges for Predicting Metastasis in Individual Patients

et al. 2020

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“…In adrenocortical carcinomas, tumor infiltrating T cells were also reported to be correlated with better overall survival (15). However, little has been known on TME in PHEOs at this juncture even in contrast to adrenocortical neoplasms above, although aggressive PHEOs were reported to harbor lower number of S100 positive sustentacular cells and increased angiogenesis (16)(17)(18). Therefore, in this study, we explored various TME relevant markers (CD4, CD8, CD68, CD163, and S100p), angiogenic markers (CD31, intratumoral hemorrhage area) and catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes (TH, DDC, and PNMT) of the tumors and compared the results with GAPP and PASS scoring systems, other clinicopathological factors of individual cases of 39 PHEOs in order to explore the possible correlation between the status of catecholamine production and TME and angiogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment and Angiogenesis in Pheochromocytoma

et al. 2020

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“…The mitotic rate is usually very low with a Ki-67 proliferation index of <3%. 4,5 Sclerosing paraganglioma is an unusual morphologic variant that is remarkable for the presence of prominent stromal sclerosis and hyalinization, resulting in a pseudo-infiltrative histologic growth pattern. The most important differential diagnosis is with a solitary fibrous tumor arising in the soft tissue of the head and neck.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the presence of central necrosis, vascular or perineural invasion, and mitoses suggest malignant behavior, evidence of metastasis is currently considered to be the only reliable criterion to diagnose malignancy. 5 In 2014, Mediouni et al published a comparative retrospective study on 142 head and neck paragangliomas and found 11 (7.7%) cases of malignant paraganglioma with proven metastatic lesions involving bone, cervical lymph nodes, liver, lung, and thyroid. They concluded that malignancy was not necessarily associated with a poor short-term prognosis due to the slow course of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Regional Lymph Node Metastasis of Head and Neck Paraganglioma a Sign of Aggressive Clinical Behavior: A Clinical/Pathologic Review

et al. 2019

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Background: Head and neck paraganglioma is a rare neoplasm of the paraganglia. It accounts for <1% of all head and neck tumors. It usually has benign clinical course; however, malignant paraganglioma can only be diagnosed by showing metastatic disease. We undertook a retrospective study to assess the clinical significance of regional lymph nodes metastases in head and neck paragangliomas. Design: From 1993 to 2016, primary head and neck paragangliomas are identified. The patient clinical and histopathologic materials were reviewed. Results: Sixty-five specimens from 62 patients (3 patients with more than 1 specimens) with head and neck paragangliomas were recorded (49 female and 13 males) with mean age of 54 (24-78 years). The locations of the tumors were as follows: carotid body: 30, glomus tympanicum: 11, glomus jugulare: 14, parapharyngeal space: 3, and 1 case each of larynx, skull base, paraglottic area, infratemporal fossa, mastoid, cerebellopontine (CP) angle, and pyriform sinus. On histopathology, we found 5 cases of sclerosing variant. Thirty-two (52%) of the 62 patients had regional lymph node biopsy. Four (12%) of the 32 show metastatic paraganglioma (3 females and 1 male with mean age = 35). Two of the 5 cases of sclerosing variant had positive lymph nodes. No evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis in the patients with positive lymph nodes with a 6 to 11 years follow-up. One of the 28 patients with negative lymph nodes developed metastatic disease to lumbar spine in 5 years. Conclusion: Metastatic paraganglioma to regional lymph nodes may have indolent clinical behavior, with disease-free survival of up to 11 years. The incidence of metastatic disease in lymph nodes was 4 (12%) of 32. Forty percent (2/5) of the cases with sclerosing variant of paraganglioma had lymph node metastases indicating that this tumor may have a more aggressive histological behavior.

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Risk Stratification in Paragangliomas with PASS (Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score) and Immunohistochemical Markers

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Recent Advances in Histopathological and Molecular Diagnosis in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Challenges for Predicting Metastasis in Individual Patients

Recent Advances in Histopathological and Molecular Diagnosis in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Challenges for Predicting Metastasis in Individual Patients

Histopathological Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment and Angiogenesis in Pheochromocytoma

Is Regional Lymph Node Metastasis of Head and Neck Paraganglioma a Sign of Aggressive Clinical Behavior: A Clinical/Pathologic Review

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