Risk Stratification for Postoperative Cardiovascular Events via Noninvasive Assessment of Endothelial Function

Gokce, Noyan; Keaney, John F.; Hunter, Liza M.; Watkins, Michael T.; Menzoı́an, James O.; Vita, Joseph A.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000012543.55874.47

Cited by 718 publications

(545 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Several clinical studies have shown that endothelial function assessed by FMD can serve as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. 14,26,27 The present results, showing that endothelium-dependent vasodilation as measured by FMD appears lower in NSS subjects compared with NSR subjects, are consistent with previous measurements of forearm blood flow, 23 which further suggests that endothelium-dependent vasodilation is implicated in the development of salt sensitivity in humans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[10][11][12][13] Furthermore, FMD measurement is an accepted index of conduit artery endothelial function, which can serve as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. 14 Recently, FMD scores for normotensive subjects have been shown to improve on a low salt diet, which is defined as 3 g of salt per day compared with a usual salt diet of 9 g of salt per day. 15 Many studies has shown that endotheliumdependent vasodilation is reduced in SS hypertensive patients; 16 however, there is little information in this regard for NSS subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endothelial dysfunction in normotensive salt-sensitive subjects

et al. 2011

J Hum Hypertens

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Salt-sensitivity is associated with a more severe target organ injury and higher mortality, even in normotensive subjects. As endothelial dysfunction is predictive for future cardiovascular events, we evaluated whether normotensive salt-sensitive (NSS) subjects have more pronounced endothelial dysfunction compared with normotensive salt-resistant (NSR) subjects. Normotensive subjects (n ¼ 99, aged 25-50 years) were selected from a rural community in northern China. Salt sensitivity was assigned if mean BP increased by X10% from a 1-week high salt (18 g/day, NaCl) to low-salt diet (3 g/day, NaCl). Endothelial function was assessed by testing the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery using high-resolution ultrasound, as well as nitrogen oxide (NOx) levels, in plasma and urine at baseline. Blood pressure at baseline was similar between NSS and NSR subjects, but diverged during salt intervention. Furthermore, FMD was significantly lower in 17 NSS subjects (10.2 ± 2.5 vs 14.5 ± 1.6%, P ¼ 0.037) compared with NSR subjects. In addition, average plasma NOx levels were lower in NSS subjects than NSR subjects (61.2 ± 3.23 lM vs 82.5 ± 1.61 lM, P ¼ 0.034). Moreover, Both FMD and plasma NOx levels were negatively correlated with the degree of salt sensitivity (r ¼ À0.435 and r ¼ À0.459, respectively, Po0.01). However, there was no difference in urine NOx between the two groups. Our study indicates that endothelial dysfunction could contribute to the long-term higher levels of target organ injury and higher mortality observed in NSS subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial dysfunction in normotensive salt-sensitive subjects

et al. 2011

J Hum Hypertens

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“…Endothelial dysfunction is the major antecedent to atherosclerosis, a predictor of clinical CVD risk, and is linked to many common disorders of aging including cognitive impairments, Alzheimer's disease, motor dysfunction, insulin resistance, and sarcopenia (Heitzer et al ., 2001; Gokce et al ., 2002; Lakatta & Levy, 2003; Widlansky et al ., 2003; Seals et al ., 2011, 2014). We have previously demonstrated that arterial SIRT1 activity is reduced with aging and contributes to the age‐related impairment in endothelial function (Donato et al ., 2011; Gano et al ., 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation reverses vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress with aging in mice

et al. 2016

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SummaryWe tested the hypothesis that supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD + intermediate, increases arterial SIRT1 activity and reverses age‐associated arterial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Old control mice (OC) had impaired carotid artery endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) (60 ± 5% vs. 84 ± 2%), a measure of endothelial function, and nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated EDD (37 ± 4% vs. 66 ± 6%), compared with young mice (YC). This age‐associated impairment in EDD was restored in OC by the superoxide (O2−) scavenger TEMPOL (82 ± 7%). OC also had increased aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV, 464 ± 31 cm s−1 vs. 337 ± 3 cm s−1) and elastic modulus (EM, 6407 ± 876 kPa vs. 3119 ± 471 kPa), measures of large elastic artery stiffness, compared with YC. OC had greater aortic O2− production (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1 AU), nitrotyrosine abundance (a marker of oxidative stress), and collagen‐I, and reduced elastin and vascular SIRT1 activity, measured by the acetylation status of the p65 subunit of NFκB, compared with YC. Supplementation with NMN in old mice restored EDD (86 ± 2%) and NO‐mediated EDD (61 ± 5%), reduced aPWV (359 ± 14 cm s−1) and EM (3694 ± 315 kPa), normalized O2− production (0.9 ± 0.1 AU), decreased nitrotyrosine, reversed collagen‐I, increased elastin, and restored vascular SIRT1 activity. Acute NMN incubation in isolated aortas increased NAD + threefold and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) by 50%. NMN supplementation may represent a novel therapy to restore SIRT1 activity and reverse age‐related arterial dysfunction by decreasing oxidative stress.

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“…Mounting evidence supports the adverse effect of preterm birth, and more so very preterm birth (<32 weeks gestational age), on cardiovascular health 1, 2. Individuals born preterm display both structural and functional cardiovascular alterations, which include higher blood pressure,2 microvasculature rarefaction,3, 4 increased vascular resistance,5 as well as changes in heart shape and function,6, 7, 8 which are independent harbingers of hypertension and cardiovascular disease 9, 10. Given that rates of preterm birth have increased along with improved survival, it is expected that the absolute number of adults born preterm, and therefore at risk of developing cardiovascular disease, will escalate in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial Colony‐Forming Cells in Young Adults Born Preterm: A Novel Link Between Neonatal Complications and Adult Risks for Cardiovascular Disease

Bertagnolli

Xie

Paquette

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundPreterm birth is linked to cardiovascular risks and diseases. Endothelial progenitor cells play a critical role in vascular development and repair. Cord blood endothelial progenitor cells of preterm‐born infants, especially endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFC), show enhanced susceptibility to prematurity‐related pro‐oxidant stress. Whether ECFC dysfunction is present in adulthood following preterm birth is unknown.Methods and ResultsThis cross‐sectional observational study includes 55 preterm‐born (≤29 gestational weeks) young adults (18–29 years old, 38% male) and 55 sex‐ and age‐matched full‐term controls. ECFC were isolated from peripheral blood; cell proliferative and vascular cord formation capacities were assessed in vitro. Daytime systolic blood pressure was higher, whereas glucose tolerance and body mass index were lower in preterm‐born subjects. ECFC colonies grew in culture for 62% of full‐term‐ and 58% of preterm‐born participants. Preterm‐born participants have formed ECFC colonies later in culture and have reduced proliferation compared with controls. Only in preterm‐born individuals, we observed that the later the ECFC colony grows in culture, the worse was overall ECFC function. In addition, in preterms, elevated systolic blood pressure significantly correlated with reduced ECFC proliferation (rS=−0.463; P=0.030) and numbers of branches formed on matrigel (rS=−0.443; P=0.039). In preterm‐born subjects, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was associated with impaired ECFC function, whereas exposure to antenatal steroids related to better ECFC function.ConclusionsThis study is the first to examine ECFC in preterm‐born adults and to demonstrate ECFC dysfunction compared with full‐term controls. In the preterm‐born group, ECFC dysfunction was associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the major prematurity‐related neonatal morbidity, and with increased systolic blood pressure into adulthood.

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Risk Stratification for Postoperative Cardiovascular Events via Noninvasive Assessment of Endothelial Function

Cited by 718 publications

References 40 publications

Endothelial dysfunction in normotensive salt-sensitive subjects

Endothelial dysfunction in normotensive salt-sensitive subjects

Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation reverses vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress with aging in mice

Endothelial Colony‐Forming Cells in Young Adults Born Preterm: A Novel Link Between Neonatal Complications and Adult Risks for Cardiovascular Disease

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