Risk perception and behavioral response to COVID-19 in Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Shabu, Sherzad A.; M-Amen, Karwan; Mahmood, Kazhan; Shabila, Nazar P.

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-22025/v1

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Further, results showed that despite our expectations, adolescents relied more on credible scientific sources than social networks and their friends in critical situations. This is not in agreement with other studies’ results suggesting that academic people such as students rely highly on different online sources to obtain the latest information on the COVID-19 outbreak 25 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…This is in agreement with a study conducted in China by Wang et al that reported that despite low susceptibility, their respondents had taken precautionary measures, such as handwashing, respiratory hygiene against the outbreak of COVID-19 24 . On the contrary, the results of some studies have shown that the higher the risk perception is, the more individuals take protective measures 25 , 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Factors associated with preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among adolescents: Applying the health belief model

Dastgerdi

Khoshgoftar²,

Tavakoli³

et al. 2021

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy

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Background The emergence of a new pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a unique challenge for public health (all age and sex groups). Objective This study aimed to explore the adolescents’ perceptions of preventive behaviors to avoid COVID-19 disease based on the health belief model (HBM). Method This cross-sectional study was conducted on 797adolescents (aged between 12-18 years old), who were 7 th -12 th -grade students of 24 randomly selected schools from 28 th May to 28 th June 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. An online self-administered questionnaire was adapted to measure the adolescents’ perceived threats, barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action toward protective behaviors. Results Findings indicated that the adolescents' mean age was 14.7 (SD=1.7) and 53.7% of them were female. Regardless of gender difference, there was a significant positive correlation between the adolescents’ protective behaviors and their self-efficacy (r=0.62, P<0.001), perceived benefit (r=29, P<0.001), and perceived severity (r=0.15, P<0.001), while there was a significant negative correlation between the adolescents’ protective behaviors and their perceived susceptibility (r=-0.11, P<0.001), as well as their perceived barrier (r=-0.21, P<0.001). The result of the Hierarchical regression analysis also revealed that the HBM model had a significant predictive power for preventing measures towards coronavirus disease in adolescents (Adj R 2 = 0.46, p<0.001). The results also showed that self-efficacy was the strongest predictor (β=0.59, P<0.001) in explaining protective behaviors in adolescents. Conclusion In the context of coronavirus disease pandemic in adolescents, the health belief model could provide a useful framework for planners to develop educational programs. Moreover, in such a context, strategies to promote self-efficacy in adolescents should be considered more carefully to help them improve their protective behaviors.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors associated with preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among adolescents: Applying the health belief model

Dastgerdi

Khoshgoftar²,

Tavakoli³

et al. 2021

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This fi nding is in agreement with a study conducted in Iraq, which reported respondents adopting precautionary measures including handwashing, wearing masks, wearing gloves and adherence with lockdown regulations [14]. Additionally, in a review conducted by Bish & Michie for identifying the essential attitudinal and demographics of different kinds of protective behavior, it was found that educational status is highly associated with increased chance of implementing protective behaviors [15].…”

Section: Effect Of Risk Perception On Precautionary Health Behavioral Practice Related To Covid-19supporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of perceived risk of covid 19 on protective behavioral changes among adult population in pakistan: A web-based cross-sectional study

Barkat¹,

Rahim²,

Jiwani³

et al. 2021

Arch Community Med Public Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic is still a global public health issue. Little is known about the treatment, therefore prevention plays a vital role to guard the high risk group. Thus understanding the effect of perceived risk on protective behaviors among our population is essential. The study aims to assess the effect of perceived risk of COVID 19 on protective behavioral changes among adult population in Pakistan. A web based survey was administered to Pakistani adults. Convenience sampling was adopted to assess the knowledge, protective methods and perceived risk towards COVID-19 among the population. Descriptive Analysis along with stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. There were total of 185 respondents with valid responses. Risk perception mean score was 12.11 (SD=3.97) and the highest mean score was for risk of getting infection and risk of transmitting illness to loved ones that is 3.38 (±1.28) and 3.24 (±1.40) respectively. Avoiding people who are sick had the highest mean score of 4.25 (±1.02) among all protective practices. The linear regression analysis suggests that increase in one unit of risk perception is associated with increase in 0.39 units in overall protective behavior towards covid-19 after adjusting with other independent variables. Similarly, with an increase in 1 unit of knowledge is found to be associated with an increase of 0.045 units of in overall protective behavior (regression coeffi cient: 0.38, 95% 0.008-0.77) after adjusting with risk perception, gender and educational status. In the end, the study found that the risk perception along with gender, educational background and knowledge has signifi cant impact on preventive behavior towards Covid-19.

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“…The following formula was used to calculate our sample size n = z 2 p(1-p)/d 2 , where n is the number of samples, z is the value from the standard normal distribution for the selected confidence level (we considered z=1.96 for 95% confidence level), p = the proportion of prevalence =0.269 (26.9% was the perception for getting COVID-19), 1-p=0.731, and d= the margin of error=0.05 (considered). This information was taken from a published paper [14]. The mathematical formula delivered that 297 samples would be sufficient for our present study.…”

Section: Sample Size Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice and perception of Bangladeshi adults toward COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

Wadood

Lee

Huq

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread across the world with increasing number of confirmed cases and death. Preventive measures have still been the only way of slowing down the transmission and prevention of the deadly disease. Practice of preventive guidelines and perception about the disease is important in this regard. We aimed to study on practice to prevent and perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults during the rapid rise of the outbreak.Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we conducted an online survey to collect data from 320 Bangladeshi adults during the period of 10-20 April, 2020 with a self-developed questionnaire. For measuring their level of practice, a general question was asked to participants, “Are you properly following the guidelines recommended by WHO to avoid COVID-19? Four type of perceptions; (i) seriousness, (ii) susceptibility, (iii) efficacy, and (iv) carry out the measures of the disease were considered for measuring risk of perception. Frequency distribution, Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression model were utilized in this study. Results: More than 71% of participants had good practice of always following the guidelines of the World Health Organization to prevent COVID-19. Logistic regression model demonstrated that people living in urban area (p<0.01), high education (p<0.01), rich (p<0.01) and joint family (p<0.01) had the most contributions to good practice. The average risk perception among participants was 3.05±0.75 (median, 3.00) (95% CI of mean: 2.96-3.13). More than 27% participants showed high risk perceptions. It was found that males (p<0.05), high educated (p<0.05), rich (p<0.01), service holders (0.05) and younger adults (p<0.05) had higher odds of high risk perception.Conclusions: The good practice of preventive guidelines and risk perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults were satisfactory but not of the expected level. High socioeconomic status and education were significantly correlated with appropriate practice and perception during the peak time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Government should take step to increase the level of practice to avoid and perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi people during the pandemic.

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Risk perception and behavioral response to COVID-19 in Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Factors associated with preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among adolescents: Applying the health belief model

Factors associated with preventive behaviors of COVID-19 among adolescents: Applying the health belief model

Effect of perceived risk of covid 19 on protective behavioral changes among adult population in pakistan: A web-based cross-sectional study

Practice and perception of Bangladeshi adults toward COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

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