Risk, pattern and survival impact of second primary tumors in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma following definitive intensity‐modulated radiotherapy

Abstract

Substantial risk of SPT, especially for in-field sarcoma and tongue cancers, exists after definitive IMRT for NPC. SPT severely negates longevity of NPC survivors. High awareness and careful surveillance is warranted for this late lethal complication.

Occurrence of metachronous second primary cancer in head and neck cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature

“…We identified one additional article by manually searching the references of the included articles (Chan, Gooi, Mydlarz, & Agrawal, 2016). A total of 26 studies (Boakye et al., 2018, 2019; Chan et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2008, 2011; Chow, Au, Mang, Cheung, & Risk, 2019; Chuang et al., 2008; Cianfriglia, Di Gregorio, & Manieri, 1999; Dikshit et al., 2005; Dong & Hemminki, 2001; Goggins et al., 2010; Jégu, Binder‐Foucard, Borel, & Velten, 2013; Jung, Lim, Jung, Ryu, & Won, 2015; Lee, Wang, Lu, Huang, & Chen, 2017; Levi, Randimbison, & Te, 2003; Levi, Te, Randimbison, Maspoli, & La Vecchia, 2006; Min et al., 2019; Morris, Sikora, Hayes, Patel, & Ganly, 2011; Neumann et al., 2016; Ooft & van Ipenburg, 2016; Preyer, Concin, Obermair, Concin, & Ulmer, 2017; Scélo et al., 2007; Sikora et al., 2009; Söderholm et al., 1994; Suk et al., 2018; Warnakulasuriya et al., 2003) met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review.…”

“…Seventeen studies (77%) were carried out in the Western countries (eleven in Europe Cianfriglia et al., 1999; Dikshit et al., 2005; Dong & Hemminki, 2001; Jégu et al., 2013; Levi et al., 2003; Levi et al., 2006; Neumann et al., 2016; Ooft et al, 2016; Preyer et al., 2017; Söderholm et al., 1994; Warnakulasuriya et al., 2003), six (Boakye et al., 2018, 2019; Chan et al., 2016; Morris, Sikora, Hayes, et al, 2011; Sikora et al., 2009; Suk et al., 2018) in USA and three (Chuang et al., 2008; Dikshit et al., 2005; Scélo et al., 2007) were multicentre collaborations across Europe, Canada and Australia), and seven studies (22.7%) were conducted in Asian population (Taiwan [Chen et al., 2008;Chen et al., 2011;Lee et al., 2017], China [Chow et al., 2019;Goggins et al., 2010] and South Korea [Jung et al., 2015;Min et al., 2019]). Except three studies (Chow et al., 2019; Cianfriglia et al., 1999; Goggins et al., 2010) that used hospital‐based cancer registries, the other studies used population‐based cancer registries. As for the study design, all the included studies were cohort studies, which, in total, reported approximately 72,450 SPC cases in patients with primary HNC.…”

“…The majority of HNC patients were male and Caucasian. The median follow‐up period ranged from 1.5 years [IQR, 0.4:4.75] (Boakye et al., 2019) to 7.5 years [IQR, 1.8–11.1] (Chow et al., 2019). Studies differed by primary HNC.…”

“…Studies differed by primary HNC. Most of the studies (Boakye et al., 2018, 2019; Chuang et al., 2008; Dong & Hemminki, 2001; Jégu et al., 2013; Jung et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2017; Morris, Sikora, Hayes, et al, 2011; Preyer et al., 2017; Warnakulasuriya et al., 2003) investigated all the HNC sites, whereas other studies investigated a specific HNC site such as nasopharynx (Chan et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2008; Chow et al., 2019; Goggins et al., 2010; Ooft et al, 2016; Scélo et al., 2007), larynx (Dikshit et al., 2005; Levi et al., 2003), oropharynx (Min et al., 2019; Neumann et al., 2016; Söderholm et al., 1994; Suk et al., 2018), oral cavity (Chen et al., 2011), oropharynx and oral cavity (Cianfriglia et al., 1999; Levi et al., 2006; Sikora et al., 2009). Regarding the SPC site, studies investigated any possible SPC site, except the studies by Lee et al.…”

“…In the first category were included seven studies that defined a SPC as metachronous SPC occurring six months after primary HNC (Chan et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2011; Chow et al., 2019; Morris, Sikora, Hayes, et al, 2011; Ooft et al, 2016; Söderholm et al., 1994). The results of the primary pooled analysis that included all the seven studies are reported in Figure 2.…”