Risk of violence of inpatients with severe mental illness – Do patients with schizophrenia pose harm to others?

Edlinger, Monika; Rauch, Anna-Sophia; Kemmler, Georg; Yalcin-Siedentopf, Nursen; Fleischhacker, W. Wolfgang; Hofer, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.021

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, for patients in the main diagnostic groups, the difference was much stronger when we compared only patients without reported substance use disorders. When we separated the patients in specialist mental health services into patients with and without substance use disorders and into inpatients and outpatients, the mixed results obtained in previous studies are easier to understand (19,21). These results highlight the importance of variation caused by the type of patient groups considered.…”

Section: Associations Between Diagnoses and Risk Of Violencementioning

confidence: 79%

“…One study found that personality disorders and substance use disorders were associated with higher rates of future violent reconvictions than schizophrenia was (20). Another study showed that mechanical restraints due to the risk of harm to others were used more often in patients with organic mental disorders, cluster B personality disorders and mania than among patients with schizophrenia (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of violence among patients in psychiatric treatment: results from a national census

Ose

Lilleeng

Pettersen

et al. 2017

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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Risk of violence among patients in psychiatric treatmentOse, S.O.; Lilleeng, S. ; Ruud, T.; van Weeghel, Jaap General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research -You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain -You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Background: Adverse media coverage of isolated incidents affects the public perception of the risk of violent behavior among people with mental illness. However, the risk of violence is studied most frequently among inpatients, which falsely exaggerates the prevalence of people with mental illness because the majority of individuals receive treatment as outpatients. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of the risk of violence among inpatients and outpatients in psychiatric treatment, as well as the associations with gender, age, socio-economic status and co-morbid substance use disorders in all major diagnostic categories. Methods: We conducted a national census of patients in specialist mental health services in Norway, which included 65% of all inpatients (N ¼ 2,358) and 60% of all outpatients (N ¼ 23,124).Results: The prevalence of the risk of violence was 32% among inpatients and 8% among outpatients, where 80% of the patients in specialist mental health services were outpatients. If we weight the prevalence rates accordingly, less than 2% of the patients in specialist mental health services had a high risk of violent behavior. Conclusions:The stigma attached to those with mental illness is not consistent with the absence or low to modest risk of violent behavior in 98% of the patient group. Substance use disorders must be given priority in the treatment of all patient groups. Mental health care in general and interventions that target violent behavior in particular should address the problems and needs of these patients better, especially those who are unemployed, have a low level of education and have a background of being a refugee or an immigrant.

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Section: Associations Between Diagnoses and Risk Of Violencementioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of violence among patients in psychiatric treatment: results from a national census

Ose

Lilleeng

Pettersen

et al. 2017

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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“…Cutting or scratching (73.6%) was by far the most frequently found expression of self‐harm followed by punching surfaces (7.5%) and burning (5.7%) (Kashyap, Hooke, & Page, ). Risk of harming others was identified in one quarter of involuntary, and more than 7% of all admitted patients (Edlinger et al., ). A meta‐analysis revealed that almost one in five patients admitted to acute wards committed an act or physical violence during their hospital stay (Iozzino, Ferrari, Large, Nielssen, & de Girolamo, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing diagnoses related to psychiatric adult inpatient care

Frauenfelder¹,

Achterberg

Staub

2018

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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“…While people with mental illness tend to experience stigma related to their diagnosis, the amount and severity of the stigma appears to vary based upon the diagnosis. In particular, the public generally holds more negative attitudes toward people diagnosed with schizophrenia or a substance use disorder than individuals with mood or anxiety disorders (Edlinger et al, 2014;Kasow & Weisskirch, 2010;Link et al, 1999;Martin et al, 2000), and this belief appears to have persisted for decades (Star, 1952(Star, , 1955. Other studies have also concluded that individuals with schizophrenia are viewed as being in need of more coercive measures to ensure they are receiving necessary treatment (Pescosolido et al, 1999), and, like other stigmatizing beliefs, these appear to persist across cultures (Pescosolido et al, 2013).…”

Section: Mental Illness Violence and Criminal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of mental health diagnoses on perceptions of risk of criminality

Garcia

Johnson

Carlucci

et al. 2020

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: Previous research has examined the relation between mental illness (MI) and perceptions of dangerousness, but less research has focused on its relation to perceived risk of criminality. Individuals with MI are perceived to be more dangerous than those without, and individuals with schizophrenia or substance abuse diagnoses are viewed as being more dangerous. Research also supports that race of individuals with MI plays an important role in the conceptualization and experience of stigma. Aims: The current study investigated the relation between MI, perceived criminality and race of diagnosed individuals. Method: Two hundred ninety participants were randomly assigned to read one of the four vignettes and answer a series of questions. The first three vignettes depicted someone with MI (schizophrenia, depression or alcohol dependency), while the fourth vignette served as a control. Participants were asked to indicate likelihood of committing a future crime, severity of the future crime and the person’s potential for rehabilitation. Levels of sympathy and trust, as well as perceived race of the person, were also measured. Results: Presence of MI was a significant predictor where MI elicited higher levels of perceived risk of criminality. The remaining predictor variables (type of MI, familiarity with MI and criminality and perceived race) were not significant predictors. Exploratory analyses revealed the schizophrenia and alcohol dependency conditions elicited higher levels of perceived severity of future crimes. Perceived MI severity and likelihood of rehabilitation were all significantly correlated with perceived risk of criminality. Conclusion: Presence of MI appears to be the most important in influencing participant attitudes about perceived risk of criminality, though type of MI may influence beliefs about severity of future crimes. The impact of race could not be examined but should be examined in future studies.

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Risk of violence of inpatients with severe mental illness – Do patients with schizophrenia pose harm to others?

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Risk of violence among patients in psychiatric treatment: results from a national census

Risk of violence among patients in psychiatric treatment: results from a national census

Nursing diagnoses related to psychiatric adult inpatient care

The impact of mental health diagnoses on perceptions of risk of criminality

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