Risk of vertical transmission of SARS CoV-2 infection to neonates born to covid positive mothers: A pilot study from a tertiary care hospital of North India

Jha, Sangam; Singh, Akanksha; Anant, Monika; Bhadani, Punam Prasad; chowdhary, Bhabesh kant; Mahto, Mala; Pati, Binod Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2022.06.004

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Few small studies address the risk of intrapartum vaginal transmission; however, no clear clinical evidence of the virus' presence in vaginal secretions exists. [25,26]. Moreover, an increased frequency in cesarian section cases in cases of maternal COVID-19 is described by some authors [15,27]; however, a large multicentric US study does not support suggestions that the prevalence of cesarian section in infected women is because of the high rate of complications [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Auditory Screening in Newborns after Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Overview

Fancello

Genovese

et al. 2023

Children

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Background and aim: Several viruses have previously been reported to be responsible for congenital hearing loss; therefore, since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic, various reports have investigated a possible link. The aim of this review is to assess the possible link between maternal COVID-19 infection and congenital hearing loss. Methods: This systematic review was performed using PRISMA criteria, searching Medline and Embase databases from March 2020 to February 2023. A total of 924 candidate papers were identified; however, considering the specific selection criteria, only nine were selected for additional analysis. Results: The overall number of children born from mothers infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy identified through this review was 1687. The confirmed cases of hearing loss were 0.7% (12/1688); a description of its nature (sensorineural vs. conductive) is missing in the selected studies, and the follow-up period is variable across the analyzed papers. Surprisingly, a large proportion of false positives were recorded at the first stage of screening, which resulted normal at the re-test. Conclusions: Currently, a correlation between congenital hearing loss and SARS-CoV-2 infection cannot be definitively established. Further studies are desirable to provide additional evidence on this topic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Auditory Screening in Newborns after Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Overview

Fancello

Genovese

et al. 2023

Children

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“…Vaginal swabs during pregnancy and at birth as well as placental ones were negative in more than 98% of women who were SARS-CoV-2 positive. 36 In other studies, 37,38 all the samples collected from COVID-19-positive pregnant women, such as vaginal secretions tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR, were negative. Whether the test for vaginal secretions is positive or negative maybe related to the time of maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the incubation of virus.…”

Section: Contact Transmission During Delivery: Contact With Contamina...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: The potential vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and impact on neonates: A review

Xia,

Peng

2023

Pediatric Discovery

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a large, lipid‐enveloped, single‐stranded RNA virus, is a highly contagious virus that caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Pregnant women are usually considered at high risk for infectious diseases, including COVID‐19. Maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can adversely affect the pregnancy and birth outcomes, such as abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, and prematurity. Some meta‐analysis suggested that the outcomes of newborns are different between symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women but similar in asymptomatic and SARS‐CoV‐2 negative group. Maternal infection increases the risk of vertical transmission; also the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 or its RNA in maternal samples in some case reports raised the possibility of intrauterine transmission. Also, contact transmission during delivery and postnatal transmission are discussed. Although most infected newborns are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, there are case reports of severe neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, including cardiorespiratory failure and death. Otherwise, some studies suggested that the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with a reduction for preterm birth during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period. We conduct this review to try to make a conclusion about the vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and impact on neonates due to Maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

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“…SARS‐CoV‐2 was also found in the patient's amniotic fluid, as well as in the patient's and newborn's blood, but the viral load was significantly lower than in the placenta in one confirmed case of transplacental transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2, which transmitted the virus to offspring during the third trimester 54 . SARS‐CoV‐2 does not appear to be transmitted through breast milk from pregnant women who have COVID‐19, and numerous investigations have demonstrated this 48,55–57 . After giving birth, a COVID‐19 patient who breastfed her child was found to be reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) negative at 1 week and 2 months of follow‐up and to have breastfed her child successfully 50 .…”

Section: Transmission Routes Of Sars‐cov‐2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…54 SARS-CoV-2 does not appear to be transmitted through breast milk from pregnant women who have COVID-19, and numerous investigations have demonstrated this. 48,[55][56][57] After giving birth, a COVID-19 patient who breastfed her child was found to be reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) negative at 1 week and 2 months of followup and to have breastfed her child successfully. 50 In conclusion, although there is limited proof of intrauterine transfer of SARS-CoV-2 to the fetus, the probability of vertical transmission may vary for different types of the virus, indicating the potential for vertical transmission of SARS-COV-2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive overview on the transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2

Zhang

Clarke

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a single positivestrand RNA virus that is responsible for the current pandemic that the world has been facing since 2019. The primary route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory tract transmission. However, other transmission routes such as fecal-oral, vertical transmission, and aerosol-eye also exist. In addition, it has been found that the pathogenesis of this virus involves the binding of the virus's S protein to its host cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which results in the subsequent membrane fusion that is required for SARS-CoV-2 to replicate and complete its entire life. The clinical symptoms of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can range from asymptomatic to severe. The most common symptoms seen include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Once these symptoms are observed, a nucleic acid test is done using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This currently serves as the main confirmatory tool for COVID-19. Despite the fact that no cure has been found for SARS-CoV-2, prevention methods such as vaccines, specific facial mask, and social distancing have proven to be quite effective. It is imperative to have a complete understanding of the transmission and pathogenesis of this virus. To effectively develop new drugs as well as diagnostic tools, more knowledge about this virus would be needed.

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Risk of vertical transmission of SARS CoV-2 infection to neonates born to covid positive mothers: A pilot study from a tertiary care hospital of North India

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Auditory Screening in Newborns after Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Overview

Auditory Screening in Newborns after Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Overview

Maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: The potential vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and impact on neonates: A review

A comprehensive overview on the transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2

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