Risk of transmission of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis by embryo transfer of in vivo and in vitro fertilized bovine embryos

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisDetected in the Reproductive Tract of Cows from an Infected Herd

“…; Bielanski et al. ) although the obtained results could enhance our knowledge about the risk of paratuberculosis transmission in processes ongoing during and after natural and in vitro fertilization.…”

“…Previously, presence of MAP in the follicular fluid and cumulus oocyte complexes (28%) was detected only in the case of one clinically infected cow (Bielanski et al. ).…”

“…; Bielanski et al. ), ii) Only uterine tissue is typically included in studies focused on paratuber‐culosis infection in the reproductive tract of animals (Kopecky et al. ; Rohde and Shulaw ; Lambeth et al.…”

Sanitary control in bovine embryo transfer How far should we go? A review

“…In 2000, the true herd prevalence of M. paratuberculosis infection in Belgium was estimated at 6%, but due to the relatively low test specificity, this figure must be considered with caution (9). Cows with subclinical Johne's disease however do not seem to transmit the disease by embryo transfer when the embryos have been washed as recommended by the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) (4,49 and not necessarily in the same animals (57).…”

Association between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection and culling in dairy cattle herds

“…The main routes of transmission are the fecal-oral route and through colostrum or milk from infected dams (Sweeney 1996). The organism has also been isolated from the reproductive tract of both clinically and subclinically infected cows, so calves born from infected cows could be infected in utero (Rohde and Shulaw 1990, Sweeney 1996, Bielanski et al 2006. The disease has a long incubation period and slow course, and the clinical signs typically appear only after two to five years.…”