Risk of Thyroid Cancer in the Bryansk Oblast of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl Power Station Accident

Davis, Scott; Stepanenko, Valeriy; Rivkind, Nikolai; Kopecky, Kenneth J.; Voilleque, P.G.; Shakhtarin, V.V.; Паршков, Е. М.; Куликов, С. М.; Lushnikov, Evgeni; Abrosimov, Alexander; Трошин, В. П.; Romanova, Galina; Doroschenko, Vladimir; Proshin, Anatoli; Цыб, А. Ф.

doi:10.1667/rr3233

Cited by 104 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…10 Reports from studies of survivors of the Chernobyl accident have reported a high risk of thyroid cancer in children as a consequence of exposure to lowdose radiation. [6][7][8][9] As a result, thyroid carcinoma is a complication of irradiation even when the tissue lies outside the radiation field where the gland is exposed to scatter irradiation. The radiosensitivity of thyroid tissue coupled with the increased vulnerability of the paediatric gland accounts for the high incidence of thyroid carcinoma in childhood cancer survivor cohorts 23 as well as children who were exposed to radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiosensitivity of thyroid tissue coupled with the increased vulnerability of the paediatric gland accounts for the high incidence of thyroid carcinoma in childhood cancer survivor cohorts 23 as well as children who were exposed to radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986. [6][7][8][9] Childhood cancer survivors who were under the age of 5 at the time of exposure to radiation therapy are reported to be at greatest risk and the risk remains comparatively higher for those under the age of 10 compared to older age groups. 10 In our study, risk was lowest in those aged more than 10 years when compared to the 5-9 and 0-4 year age groups: RR 1.0 (standard), 1.0 (0.4-2.2) and 0.5 (0.2-1.3), respectively although there was no significant difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proportion of papillary carcinomas in radiation induced thyroid neoplasia has been reported to be more than 90% in post-Chernobyl studies with the type of differentiation (follicular or papillary) associated with age at exposure to radiation. [6][7][8][9] The genesis of papillary carcinomas in radiation-induced thyroid malignancy is thought to result from mutations in the RET/PTC oncogene. 24 Radiation exposure has been shown to result in activating rearrangements of the RET/PTC oncogene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of thyroid cancer following the Chernobyl reactor disaster provide evidence of a doseresponse relationship and a predominance of papillary thyroid cancer in children: thousands of thyroid cancers were reported but only a few deaths. [6][7][8][9] The paediatric thyroid is particularly vulnerable to the oncogenic effects of radiation although there is evidence of cell kill at exposure to radiation doses higher than 3,000 cGy. 10 Thyroid cancer has been frequently reported as a SPN after treatment for childhood cancers including Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma and other malignancies that involve radiation to the neck region.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Risk of thyroid cancer in survivors of childhood cancer: Results from the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

Taylor

Croft

Palace

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

100

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Second primary neoplasms (SPNs) are a recognised late effect of treatment for childhood cancer. Thyroid SPNs can develop after exposure to low-dose radiation, due to the radio-sensitivity of the thyroid gland. The British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (BCCSS) was set up to directly monitor the late effects of treatment, including risk of SPNs, in childhood cancer survivors and includes 17,980 5-year survivors. We carried out a cohort analysis to determine the risk of thyroid SPNs in the BCCSS, and estimated risk using standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), relative risk (RR) using multivariate Poisson regression and cumulative incidence curves. There were 340,202 person years at risk subsequent to a 5-year survival, median follow-up 17.4 years per survivor. We identified 50 thyroid SPNs including 31 (62%) papillary carcinomas, 15 (30%) follicular carcinomas and 4 (8%) other types. 88% of thyroid SPNs developed after exposure to radiotherapy in or around the thyroid gland. SIR overall was 18.0 (95% confidence interval 13.4-23.8). Risk of thyroid cancer was highest after Hodgkin's disease: RR 3.3 (1.1-10.1) and Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma: RR 3.4 (1.1-10.7) relative to leukaemia (RR 1.0) (p < 0.001). Survivors treated with radiotherapy in childhood had a RR of 4.6 (1.4-15.1) relative to survivors not treated with radiotherapy (RR 1.0), p 5 0003. In conclusion, the risk of thyroid cancer in childhood cancer survivors is relatively high in this cohort of childhood cancer survivors. These results will be of use in counselling survivors of childhood cancer exposed to radiation in or around the thyroid area. ' 2009 UICC

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of thyroid cancer in survivors of childhood cancer: Results from the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

Taylor

Croft

Palace

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

100

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“…[1][2][3] This increase has been clearly linked to radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident. 4,5 In recent years, an increase in breast cancer incidence has also been reported in regions of Belarus and Ukraine contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. 6,7 This increase has become a subject of particular concern among the public and health professionals in these countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Breast cancer in Belarus and Ukraine after the Chernobyl accident

Pukkala

Kesminiene

Поляков³

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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An increase in breast cancer incidence has been reported in areas of Belarus and Ukraine contaminated by the Chernobyl accident and has become an issue of public concern. The authors carried out an ecological epidemiological study to describe the spatial and temporal trends in breast cancer incidence in the most contaminated regions of Belarus and Ukraine, and to evaluate whether increases seen since 1986 correlate to radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident. The authors investigated the trends through age-cohort-period-region analyses of district-specific incidence rates of breast cancer for Gomel and Mogilev regions of Belarus and Chernigiv, Kyiv and Zhytomir regions of Ukraine. Doseresponse analyses were based on Poisson regression, using average district-specific whole body doses accumulated since the accident from external exposure and ingestion of long-lived radionuclides. The study demonstrated increases in breast cancer incidence in all areas following the Chernobyl accident, reflecting improvements in cancer diagnosis and registration. In addition, a significant 2-fold increase in risk was observed, during the period 1997-2001, in the most contaminated districts (average cumulative dose of 40.0 mSv or more) compared with the least contaminated districts (relative risk [RR] in Belarus 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-3.32 and in Ukraine 1.78, 95% CI 5 1.08-2.93). The increase, though based on a relatively small number of cases, appeared approximately 10 years after the accident, was highest among women who were younger at the time of exposure and was observed for both localised and metastatic diseases. It is unlikely that this excess could be entirely due to the increased diagnostic activity in these areas. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Thyroid Neoplasia, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, and Hypothyroidism in Persons Exposed to Iodine 131 From the Hanford Nuclear Site

Davis

Kopecky²,

Hamilton

et al. 2004

JAMA

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126

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Context Approximately 740000 Ci (2.73 ϫ 10 16 Bq) of iodine 131 (131 I) were released to the atmosphere from the Hanford Nuclear Site in Washington State from 1944 through 1957. The risk of thyroid disease resulting from prolonged environmental 131 I exposure is poorly understood. Objective The Hanford Thyroid Disease Study (HTDS) was conducted to determine if thyroid disease is increased among persons exposed as children to atmospheric releases of 131 I from Hanford. Design Retrospective cohort study. Exposure could have occurred from December 1944 through 1957. Follow-up occurred until the time of the HTDS examination (December 1992-September 1997). Participants' thyroid radiation doses from Hanford's 131 I releases were estimated from interview data regarding residence and dietary histories. Setting The cohort included a sample of all births from 1940 through 1946 to mothers with usual residence in 1 of 7 counties in eastern Washington State. Participants Of 5199 individuals identified, 4350 were located alive and 3440 were evaluable; ie, had sufficient data for dose estimation and received an HTDS evaluation for thyroid disease, including a thyroid ultrasound, physical examination, and fine needle biopsy if required to evaluate thyroid nodularity. Main Outcome Measures Thyroid cancer, benign thyroid nodules, total neoplasia, any thyroid nodules, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism. Results There was no evidence of a relationship between Hanford radiation dose and the cumulative incidence of any of the outcomes. These results remained unchanged after taking into account several factors that might confound the relationship between radiation dose and the outcomes of interest. Conclusion These results do not support the hypothesis that exposure during infancy and childhood to 131 I at the dose levels (median, 97 mGy; mean, 174 mGy) and exposure circumstances experienced by our study participants increases the risk of the forms of thyroid disease evaluated in this study.

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Risk of Thyroid Cancer in the Bryansk Oblast of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl Power Station Accident

Cited by 104 publications

References 86 publications

Risk of thyroid cancer in survivors of childhood cancer: Results from the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

Risk of thyroid cancer in survivors of childhood cancer: Results from the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

Breast cancer in Belarus and Ukraine after the Chernobyl accident

Thyroid Neoplasia, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, and Hypothyroidism in Persons Exposed to Iodine 131 From the Hanford Nuclear Site

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