Risk of Second Primary Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System

Liu, Elisa K.; Oh, Cheongeun; Kondziolka, Douglas; Sulman, Erik P.

doi:10.1016/j.adro.2022.100969

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our finding that younger patients are more affected by the development of secondary malignancy is likely driven by longer survival alone rather than increased sensitivity to radiation that's seen in children and adolescent patients. 11,12 Though not investigated specifically in this study as comorbidities were not reported, patients with lower comorbidity burden, and therefore longer life expectancy, are also likely to experience greater detriment associated with developing secondary malignancies. 13 Whether tumors arising in the setting of prior radiation have unique biology or are more aggressive than sporadic counterparts is an evolving area of research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Prognostics of Second Primary Cancer After Prostate Radiation Therapy

Liu,

Daniels,

Lischalk

et al. 2024

Urology Practice

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Introduction: As overall survival in prostate cancer increases due to advances in early detection and management, there is a growing need to understand the long-term morbidity associated with treatment, including secondary tumors. The significance of developing radiation-associated secondary cancers in an elderly population remains unknown.Methods: Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1975 and 2016 in one of 9 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries were included in this study. Risk of second primary pelvic malignancies (SPPMs) were assessed with death as a competing risk using the Fine-Gray model. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard models were employed to analyze risk to overall mortality based on secondary tumor status.Results: A total of 569,167 primary prostate cancers were included in analysis with an average follow-up of 89 months. Among all prostate cancer patients, 4956 SPPMs were identified. After controlling for differences in age, year of diagnosis, and surgery at time of prostate cancer treatment, radiation receipt was associated with a significantly higher incidence of SPPMs (1.1% vs 1.8% at 25 years). Among those who received radiation during initial prostate cancer treatment (n ¼ 195,415), developing an SPPM is significantly associated with worse survival (adjusted hazard ratio ¼ 1.76), especially among younger patients (under age 63, adjusted hazard ratio ¼ 2.36).Conclusions: While developing a secondary malignancy carries a detrimental effect on overall survival, the absolute risk of developing such tumors is exceedingly low regardless of radiation treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Prognostics of Second Primary Cancer After Prostate Radiation Therapy

Liu,

Daniels,

Lischalk

et al. 2024

Urology Practice

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“…Most recently, Liu et al 23 analyzed patients records from 1975 to 2016 assessing the risk of second primary neoplasms of the CNS. Like our findings, glioblastomas represented a plurality of CNS cancers observed and gave rise to worse relative outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prior cancer history on survival in brain malignancy: A propensity score‐adjusted, population‐based study

Ebad Ur Rehman,

Faraz,

Cheema

et al. 2024

Cancer Reports

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BackgroundIndividuals with a Prior Cancer History (PCH) are often excluded from clinical trials. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that prior cancer history does not present adverse outcomes on cancer patients. The evidence on the survival of brain cancer patients in this regard remains widely unknown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate the prevalence and impact of prior cancer on survival of patients diagnosed with brain cancer. Data of patients who were diagnosed with brain cancer as their first or second primary malignancy between 2000 and 2019 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to ensure comparable baseline characteristics among the patients. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method, as well as multivariate Cox proportional hazard and multivariate competing risk models.ResultsOut of 42 726 patients, 1189 (2.78%) had PCH. Genitourinary (40.4%), Breast (13.6%), Hematologic and Lymphatic (11.4%), and Gastrointestinal malignancies (11.3%) were the most common types of prior cancer. PCH served as a significant risk factor for Overall Survival (OS) (Adjusted Hazard Ratio [AHR] 1.26; 95% CI [1.15–1.39]; p < .001) but did not have a statistically significant impact on Brain Cancer‐Specific Survival (BCSS) (AHR 0.97; 95% CI [0.88–1.07]; p = .54). Glioblastoma exhibited the most substantial and statistically significant impact on survival as compared to other histological types. Of all the organs systems, only prior Gastrointestinal and Hematologic and Lymphatic malignancies had a statistically significant impact on OS of patients.ConclusionOur findings indicate that PCH does not exert a substantial impact on the survival of brain cancer patients, except in cases involving gastrointestinal or hematologic and lymphatic PCH, or when the brain cancer is glioblastoma.

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“…These are believed to be irradiation-induced secondary tumors rather than relapses, as such [28]. About 9% of long-term survivors of primary CNS cancers will have developed a second CNS cancer 40 years later [29]. Irradiated pediatric MB patients have a higher risk of developing a secondary brain tumor (mostly meningiomas but also glioblastomas) as compared to other brain tumors, excluding pediatric patients with glioblastomas.…”

Section: Metastatic Disease and Relapse Patterns In Mb Subgroupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers Underlying Metastasis and Relapse in Medulloblastoma and Targeting Strategies

Holmberg,

Borgenvik,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Medulloblastomas comprise a molecularly diverse set of malignant pediatric brain tumors in which patients are stratified according to different prognostic risk groups that span from very good to very poor. Metastasis at diagnosis is most often a marker of poor prognosis and the relapse incidence is higher in these children. Medulloblastoma relapse is almost always fatal and recurring cells have, apart from resistance to standard of care, acquired genetic and epigenetic changes that correlate with an increased dormancy state, cell state reprogramming and immune escape. Here, we review means to carefully study metastasis and relapse in preclinical models, in light of recently described molecular subgroups. We will exemplify how therapy resistance develops at the cellular level, in a specific niche or from therapy-induced secondary mutations. We further describe underlying molecular mechanisms on how tumors acquire the ability to promote leptomeningeal dissemination and discuss how they can establish therapy-resistant cell clones. Finally, we describe some of the ongoing clinical trials of high-risk medulloblastoma and suggest or discuss more individualized treatments that could be of benefit to specific subgroups.

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Risk of Second Primary Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Risk and Prognostics of Second Primary Cancer After Prostate Radiation Therapy

Risk and Prognostics of Second Primary Cancer After Prostate Radiation Therapy

Impact of prior cancer history on survival in brain malignancy: A propensity score‐adjusted, population‐based study

Drivers Underlying Metastasis and Relapse in Medulloblastoma and Targeting Strategies

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