Risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with autoimmune disorders: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden

Venous thromboembolism in systemic autoimmune diseases: A narrative review with emphasis on primary systemic vasculitides

“…The overall risk of VTE in patients with the 33 autoimmune diseases reduced over time from 6.38 (95% CI; 6.19-6.57) during the first year of follow up to 1.53 (95% CI; 1.48-1.57) at 1-5 years follow up, 1.15 (95% CI; 1.11-1.20) at 5-10 years follow up, and 1.04 (95% CI; 1.00-1.07) at ≥10 years follow up. 7 Yusuf et al conducted a study regarding risk of VTE in four selected autoimmune diseases including RA, SLE, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), using the 2010 National Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) (sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) in the United States. The adjusted odds ratio for recorded diagnoses of VTE with hospitalization for the diagnosis of SLE was 1.23 (95% CI; 1.15-1.32) and for RA was 1.17 (95% CI; 1.13-1.21).…”

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Confers an Independent Risk Factor for Thrombosis: Retrospective Cohort Study Using the “STRIDE” Database

“…Prior studies have been smaller in size or descriptive [5,26,27], done in the context of specific hyper coagulable states [28,29], or with a design that excluded secondary AIHA patients or lacked anon-AIHA cohort matched for relevant AIHA risk factors [14][15][16][17]19,20].…”

“…However, the studies included the meta-analysis were limited in the extent to which they matched their AIHA and non-AIHA cohorts. Yusuf, et al matched their non-AIHA cohort according to age and gender alone [14], while the other three studies required their non-AIHA cohort to only lack a diagnosis of AIHA [15][16][17].…”

Thrombolysis during extended cardiopulmonary resuscitation for autoimmune-related pulmonary embolism

“…As such, the risk of subsequent VTE is heightened by patient immobilization and inflammatory activity. [1,7] Disturbed coagulation, endothelial injury, and thrombosis typically accompany severe sepsis, caused by bacterial products and proinflammatory cytokines. [8] A thromboembolic event is more likely in the setting of AIHS or severe sepsis.…”

“…Autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), are associated with blood hypercoagulability, so care must be taken to prevent fatal thromboembolism. [1] During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), systemic thrombolysis is a controversial therapeutic approach due to potentially lethal hemorrhage. Current advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines maintain that evidence is still insuffi cient to recommend or discourage routine use of thrombolytic drugs during CPR, although empiric fibrinolytic therapy may be considered if PE is implicated.…”