Risk of Primary Infection and Reinfection With Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Glezen, W. Paul

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140200053026

Cited by 960 publications

(1,065 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…5% of the total number of admissions. These data indicate that, although reinfections are common [17], they lead only exceptionally to hospitalization in the general paediatric population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus in the paediatric population in Spain

et al. 2003

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SUMMARYThe aim of this population-based retrospective study was to determine the incidence of hospitalization for community-acquired, laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in an unselected paediatric population from southern Europe. The study was performed in an area with 15 700 children aged less than 5 years attended by a single hospital. The presence of RSV in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with acute respiratory infection treated in the hospital was investigated in four seasons (July 1996-June 2000. A total of 390 episodes of hospitalization for RSV infection were detected and 83 . 3% of the children were aged less than 1 year old. The annual hospitalization rate was 37/1000 for infants aged less than 6 months and 25/1000 for those aged less than 1 year. During the study period, 2 . 5 % of the infants younger than 1 year and approximately 5 % of those younger than 3 months were hospitalized for RSV infection. The mean length of hospital stay was 5 . 9 days. Seven per cent of the patients required admission to the intensive care unit and more than half of these children were aged less than 1 month. In Spain, community-acquired RSV infection is a highly frequent cause of hospitalization in young children, especially in those aged less than 1 year. Prevention of RSV infection, through the development of vaccines and/or other strategies, should be a public health priority.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus in the paediatric population in Spain

et al. 2003

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“…This variability is reflected antigenically, and hRSV can be divided into two groups (A and B) on the basis of reactions with panels of monoclonal antibodies [3,4]. Children usually experience their first infection before the age of 2 years, and reinfection is a common occurrence in older children and also in adults [5][6][7][8][9]. Disease resulting from infection occurs principally in young children, particularly following primary infection [5,10,11] but is also observed in vulnerable adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children usually experience their first infection before the age of 2 years, and reinfection is a common occurrence in older children and also in adults [5][6][7][8][9]. Disease resulting from infection occurs principally in young children, particularly following primary infection [5,10,11] but is also observed in vulnerable adults. The reduced severity, with increasing age, is presumably in part a result of developing immunity to disease, but also in part physiological, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transmission dynamics of groups A and B human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) in England & Wales and Finland: seasonality and cross-protection

et al. 2005

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SUMMARYHuman respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) transmission dynamics are inherently cyclical, and the observed genetic diversity (between groups A and B) also appears to have a repeating pattern. A key unknown is the extent to which genetic variants interact immunologically, and thus impact on epidemiology. We developed a novel mathematical model for hRSV transmission including seasonal forcing of incidence and temporary intra-and inter-group partial immunity. Simultaneous model fits to data from two locations (England & Wales, UK, and Turku, Finland) successfully reproduced the contrasting infection dynamics and group A/B dominance patterns. Parameter estimates are consistent with direct estimates. Differences in the magnitude and seasonal variation in contact rate between the two populations alone could account for the variation in dynamics between these populations. The A/B group dominance patterns are explained by reductions in susceptibility to and infectiousness of secondary homologous and heterologous infections. The consequences of the observed dynamic complexity are discussed.

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“…RSV is the major cause of bronchiolitis in children, and the incidence of bronchiolitis hospitalization in children under 1 year of age increased 2.4-fold from 1980 to 1996 [3,4]. Infection is ubiquitous and most children have been infected by 2 years of age [5]. Currently, there is no efficacious treatment for severe RSV infection, and supportive treatment during hospitalization includes bronchodilators, fluid therapy, and oxygen management, with more severe cases receiving corticosteroids or antiviral agents (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced clearance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a preterm lamb model

Meyerholz

Grubor

Fach

et al. 2004

Microbes and Infection

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant respiratory disease in children worldwide. For the study of severe RSV disease seen in preterm infants, a suitable animal model is lacking. The novel hypothesis of this study was that preterm lambs are susceptible to bovine RSV (bRSV) infection, an analogous pneumovirus with ruminant host specificity, and that there would be age-dependent differences in select RSV disease parameters. During RSV infection, preterm lambs had elevated temperatures and respiration rates with mild anorexia and cough compared to controls. Gross lesions included multifocal consolidation and atelectasis with foci of hyperinflation. Microscopic lesions included multifocal alveolar septal thickening and bronchiolitis. Immunohistochemistry localized the RSV antigen to all layers of bronchiolar epithelium from a few basal cells to numerous sloughing epithelia. A few mononuclear cells were also immunoreactive. To assess for age-dependent differences in RSV infection, neonatal lambs were infected similarly to the preterm lambs or with a high-titer viral inoculum. Using morphometry at day 7 of infection, preterm lambs had significantly more cellular immunoreactivity for RSV antigen (P <0.05) and syncytial cell formation (P <0.05) than either group of neonatal lambs. This work suggests that perinatal RSV clearance is age-dependent, which may explain the severity of RSV infection in preterm infants. The preterm lamb model is useful for assessing agedependent mechanisms of severe RSV infection. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant respiratory disease in children worldwide. For the study of severe RSV disease seen in preterm infants, a suitable animal model is lacking. The novel hypothesis of this study was that preterm lambs are susceptible to bovine RSV (bRSV) infection, an analogous pneumovirus with ruminant host specificity, and that there would be age-dependent differences in select RSV disease parameters. During RSV infection, preterm lambs had elevated temperatures and respiration rates with mild anorexia and cough compared to controls. Gross lesions included multifocal consolidation and atelectasis with foci of hyperinflation. Microscopic lesions included multifocal alveolar septal thickening and bronchiolitis. Immunohistochemistry localized the RSV antigen to all layers of bronchiolar epithelium from a few basal cells to numerous sloughing epithelia. A few mononuclear cells were also immunoreactive. To assess for age-dependent differences in RSV infection, neonatal lambs were infected similarly to the preterm lambs or with a high-titer viral inoculum. Using morphometry at day 7 of infection, preterm lambs had significantly more cellular immunoreactivity for RSV antigen (P <0.05) and syncytial cell formation (P <0.05) than either group of neonatal lambs. This work suggests that peri...

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Risk of Primary Infection and Reinfection With Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Cited by 960 publications

References 17 publications

Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus in the paediatric population in Spain

Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus in the paediatric population in Spain

The transmission dynamics of groups A and B human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) in England & Wales and Finland: seasonality and cross-protection

Reduced clearance of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a preterm lamb model

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