Risk of postpartum depression in association with serum leptin and interleukin-6 levels at delivery: A nested case–control study within the UPPSAT cohort

Skalkidou, Alkistis; Sylvén, Sara; Papadopoulos, Fotios C.; Olovsson, Matts; Larsson, Anders; Sundström‐Poromaa, Inger

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.003

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The lack of cross-sectional association between inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms in the present sample replicates the findings of previous studies of these biomarkers during pregnancy 10,11 and the postpartum period 15,16 which use the EPDS to assess depressive symptoms. Our study is also consistent with the prospective study conducted by Scrandis et al, who found no association between pregnancy CRP levels and postpartum depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…13 One study has shown a positive relationship between depressive symptoms and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b), 14 while two others have failed to observe any association between postpartum depressive symptoms and markers of inflammation. 15,16 Prospective studies examining depressive symptoms and inflammatory markers from pregnancy to postpartum are also inconclusive. Maes et al have published three studies examining postpartum blues (symptoms of depression which occur between 24-48 hours after birth and 2 weeks postpartum).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and depressive symptoms during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period: a longitudinal study

Simpson

Steiner

Coote

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: Perinatal depressive symptoms often co-occur with other inflammatory morbidities of pregnancy. The goals of our study were 1) to examine whether changes in inflammatory markers from the third trimester of pregnancy to 12 weeks postpartum were associated with changes in depressive symptoms; 2) to examine whether third trimester inflammatory markers alone were predictive of postpartum depressive symptoms; and 3) to examine the relationship between inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms during the third trimester of pregnancy and at 12 weeks postpartum. Methods: Thirty-three healthy pregnant women were recruited from the Women's Health Concerns Clinic at St. Joseph's Healthcare in Hamilton, Canada. The impact of depressive symptoms on the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), and C-reactive protein (CRP) at the third trimester of pregnancy, at 12 weeks postpartum, and across time was assessed using linear and mixed-model regression. Results: Regression analysis revealed no significant association between depressive symptoms and any of the candidate biomarkers during pregnancy, at 12 weeks postpartum, or over time. Pregnancy depressive symptoms (p 4 0.001), IL-6 (p = 0.025), and IL-10 (p = 0.006) were significant predictors of postpartum Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score. Conclusions: Our study supports previous reports from the literature showing no relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and depressive symptoms during late pregnancy, early postpartum, or across time. Our study is the first to observe an association between late pregnancy levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and postpartum depressive symptoms. Further studies with larger samples are required to confirm these findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and depressive symptoms during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period: a longitudinal study

Simpson

Steiner

Coote

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…The findings may be partly explained, according to the authors, by hormonal factors. Higher plasma concentrations of leptin have been found in women carrying female fetuses (Helland et al 1998), and in the population studied by Sylvén and colleagues, a negative association was found between serum leptin levels at delivery and self-reported depression during the first six months (Skalkidou et al 2009). These findings, of course, do not preclude associations of postpartum depression with social and psychological factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One explanation of depressive states after the birth of a boy could be biological.There is a suggestion that the leptin level is lower when bearing a boy, and a low level of leptin is connected with PPD (Skalkidou et al 2009). This may explain why mothers in countries with high equality developed PPD when they gave birth to a boy (Sylvén et al 2011).…”

Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant gender and postpartum sadness in the light of region of birth and some other factors: a contribution to the knowledge of postpartum depression

Lagerberg

Magnusson

2012

Arch Womens Ment Health

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The purpose of this paper is to analyse postpartum depressive symptoms as related to baby gender, maternal region of birth, stress, perception of child difficult temperament and some demographic factors. The setting was 36 Swedish child health centres. Mothers of 1,848 19-month-old children completed a questionnaire, including an item about recall of postpartum sadness. A subsample of 360 answered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Overall, significantly more mothers of boys than of girls recalled postpartum sadness. The same was found in mothers born in Sweden and in other regions, except for the Middle East (no significant result). Among those born in Sweden and in other regions, more mothers of boys than of girls scored ≥12 on the EPDS, except for Middle East mothers with the opposite pattern (no significant finding). More mothers of "difficult" boys than of "difficult" girls recalled postpartum sadness. Our findings are tentative but may inspire future research. Immigrant mothers in Sweden seem rather like the majority population, possibly with the exception of Middle East mothers. The significance of parents' knowledge of their child's gender in advance is an important area for research. Future parents could benefit from discussing gender expectations with a nurse or other professional.

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“…Interestingly, there is rare study on serum leptin levels in women with PPD. Skalkidou et al (2009) reported that serum leptin levels at delivery were found to be negatively associated with self-reported depression during the first 6 months after delivery. There is no such study in Chinese sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum leptin level measured 48 h after delivery is associated with development of postpartum depressive symptoms: a 3-month follow-up study

Chen

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Arch Womens Ment Health

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The aim of this study was to assess the possible relationship between leptin status and postpartum depressive symptoms using serum levels of leptin collected 24-48 h after delivery in a cohort Chinese sample. Women delivering a full-term, singleton, and live-born infant in the period from August 2013 to March 2014 were enrolled immediately postpartum. A blood sample was obtained 24-48 h after childbirth to test serum levels of leptin. Participation consisted of a visit in an obstetric unit at 3 months after delivery. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), completed at 3 months postpartum, was used to classify each woman's depression symptom severity. Demographic, obstetric, behavioral risk, mental health, and psychosocial factors were considered. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors most predictive of postpartum depressive symptoms. During the study period, 407 individuals were included and completed follow-up. At 3 months, according to EPDS score, 53 women (13.0 %) were considered as postpartum depressive symptoms. Serum leptin levels in women with PPD were significantly greater than those in women without depressive symptoms (36.5 [IQR, 25.5-50.4] vs. 14.5 [IQR, 9.4-22.4] ng/ml, P < 0.0001). Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value of serum leptin levels as an indicator for predicting of depressive symptoms was projected to be 24.3 ng/mL, which yielded a sensitivity of 88.7 % and a specificity of 73.4 %, with the area under the curve at 0.867 (95 % CI, 0.817-0.916). In multivariate analysis, there was an increased risk of depressive symptoms associated with leptin levels ≥24.3 ng/ml (OR 8.234; 95 % CI, 3.572-15.876; P < 0.0001) after adjusting for possible confounders. Elevated serum leptin levels at delivery could eventually serve as a biological marker for the prediction of depressive symptoms. These associations were independent of other possible variables.

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Risk of postpartum depression in association with serum leptin and interleukin-6 levels at delivery: A nested case–control study within the UPPSAT cohort

Cited by 61 publications

References 55 publications

Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and depressive symptoms during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period: a longitudinal study

Relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and depressive symptoms during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period: a longitudinal study

Infant gender and postpartum sadness in the light of region of birth and some other factors: a contribution to the knowledge of postpartum depression

Serum leptin level measured 48 h after delivery is associated with development of postpartum depressive symptoms: a 3-month follow-up study

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