Risk of post-traumatic stress disorder following traumatic events in a community sample

White, James; Pearce, Jennifer; Morrison, Sinéad; Dunstan, Frank David John; Bisson, Jonathan I.; Fone, David Lawrence

doi:10.1017/s2045796014000110

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…6–8,29–31 Our findings of lower-than-mean ORs among civilians in a war zone or a region of terror and those who experience natural disaster, in comparison, are perplexing given the results regarding atrocities and numerous focused studies of high levels of PTSD after disasters. 32,33 However, further investigation provides plausible explanations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

et al. 2017

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Disclaimer:The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the views of WHO or other sponsoring organizations, agencies, or governments. Additional Contributions:We thank the staff of the WMH Data Collection and Data Analysis Coordination centres for assistance with instrumentation, fieldwork, and consultation on data analysis. Additional Information:A complete list of all within-country and cross-national WMH publications can be found at http:// www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/wmh/. Abstract IMPORTANCE-Previous research has documented significant variation in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) depending on the type of traumatic experience (TE) and history of TE exposure, but the relatively small sample sizes in these studies resulted in a number of unresolved basic questions.OBJECTIVE-To examine disaggregated associations of type of TE history with PTSD in a large cross-national community epidemiologic data set. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS-The World Health Organization World MentalHealth surveys assessed 29 TE types (lifetime exposure, age at first exposure) with DSM-IV PTSD that was associated with 1 randomly selected TE exposure (the random TE) for each respondent. Surveys were administered in 20 countries (n = 34 676 respondents) from 2001 to 2012. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2015, to September 1, 2016. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES-Prevalence Methods SamplesThe WMH surveys are a coordinated set of community epidemiologic surveys in countries throughout the world. 17 This report focuses on the 22 WMH surveys in 20 countries that assessed lifetime PTSD after randomly selected TEs (using the procedures described below). Three surveys that assessed these random TEs were conducted in countries classified by the World Bank as low or lower-middle income (Colombia, Peru, and Ukraine); 7 in countries classified as upper-middle income (Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia [administered after the previously mentioned Colombian survey, when the country income rating had increased], Lebanon, Mexico, Romania, and South Africa); and 12 in countries classified as high income (Belgium, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Spain [separate national and regional surveys], and the United States) (eTable 1 in the Supplement). Each survey was based on a multistage clustered area Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript probability sample of adult household residents. The target population was the entire country in most surveys, all urbanized areas in 3 (Colombia, Mexico, and Peru), and specific metropolitan areas in 4 (Sao Paulo, Brazil; Medellin, Colombia; Murcia, Spain; and 6 cities in Japan). Response rates ranged from 45.9% (France) to 97.2% (Medellin), with a mean rate of 71.3% across surveys. This study was approved by the institutional review boards of the participating institutions. Participants provided written or oral informed consent using procedures approved by...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…6–8 This failure occurred because the pattern applied only to repeated exposures, which were controlled for in our models. For sexual violence, in comparison, we found that prior exposure was not relevant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

et al. 2017

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“…However, they can result in almost identical symptoms and raise questions about the validity of the definitions for traumatic events. 18 …”

Section: How Is Ptsd Diagnosed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Bisson

Cosgrove

Lewis

et al. 2015

BMJ

227

170

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“…Epidemiological data have consistently shown that only a minority of those suffering from mental disorders receive basic evidence-based treatments, and relatively few people with mental disorders consult a physician (Tol et al 2013). In developing countries, health systems often are not able to provide even the most essential mental care, including essential medicines for mental disorders (White et al 2014). Strategies aimed at improving access and rational use of psychotropic medicines should therefore receive more attention, with particular emphasis on the following topics (World Health Organization, 2005):…”

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confidence: 99%

Access and use of psychotropic medicines in low-resource settings

Barbui

2015

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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This Section of Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences appears in each issue of the Journal to stress the role of the epidemiological approach to promote advances in the field of clinical psychopharmacology, with a particular attention to controversial findings. The ultimate aims are to help develop a more critical attitude towards the results of research studies published in the international literature, to promote original research projects with higher methodological standards, and to implement the most relevant results of research in every-day clinical practice. These contributions are written in house by the journal's editorial team or commissioned by the Section Editor (no more than 1000 words, short unstructured abstract, 4 key-words, one Table or Improving access and rational use of essential medicines at all levels of care is a global challenge. Key issues related to the provision and rational use of psychotropic medicines have recently been analysed by Padmanathan et al. who conducted a survey of the psychotropic medicines management cycle in Bihar, the third most populous state of India with approximately 104 million people, of whom 88.7% live in rural areas. It was found that availability, distance and cost were the main barriers to access and utilisation. Travelling was reported to be particularly problematic because it is expensive and may also be unfeasible for service users who are acutely ill. In this commentary, the results of this survey are discussed in view of their global policy implications for low-resource settings.

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Risk of post-traumatic stress disorder following traumatic events in a community sample

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

Association of DSM-IV Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Traumatic Experience Type and History in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Access and use of psychotropic medicines in low-resource settings

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