Risk of Peanut Allergy Associated with High Household Exposure to Peanut in Infancy

A, Fox; Toit, G.L. du; Syed, Huma; Sasieni, Peter; Lack, Gideon

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.145

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The recommendations in 1998 by the Department of Health, Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment, that atopic mothers may wish to avoid dietary antigens such as egg white and nuts during pregnancy and lactation, follows a similar line of reasoning. However, recent results indicate that avoidance of such dietary components has not had the desired result [9,10] ; instead, initial exposure via inflamed skin has been suggested as a trigger for hypersensitivity [11,12] . The opposite hypothesis has been put forward recently.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Oral Antigen and Antibody Exposure at Birth on Subsequent Immune Status

Haverson

Corfield

Jones

et al. 2009

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of early low-level exposure to either antigen or antibody alone on subsequent immune responses in entirely immunologically naïve animals. This is impossible in species with a permeable placenta such as rodents or humans, where both antigen and antibody can be transferred in utero. It is, however, possible in pigs, due to the impermeable placenta of the sow. Thus, neonatal piglets were used for this study. Methods: Newborn piglets were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) at dosages similar to those used in rodents to sensitise, as well as to serum containing anti-OVA antibodies. Results: Both single low doses of OVA (10 and 1,000 mg per animal) induced classical oral tolerance following a systemic challenge: both doses reduced specific systemic IgG responses and tertiary in vitro recall proliferative responses by splenocytes and especially by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells. Additionally, dietary challenge had phenotypic effects on helper T cells in MLN, which could be reversed by OVA at birth. In contrast, giving antibody as serum collected from hyperimmune or orally tolerant pigs had no functional effects. Conclusions: Overall, our data support the hypothesis that contrary to previous work in rodents, very early exposure of neonatal pigs to a single small dose of antigen can reduce subsequent immune responses. This may have implications for human health. However, although these data point to a reducing/regulatory effect of low doses of antigen in very young animals, they cannot be extrapolated directly to allergy.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oral Antigen and Antibody Exposure at Birth on Subsequent Immune Status

Haverson

Corfield

Jones

et al. 2009

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Increased levels of sensitization to grape allergens were found in workers who handled the fruit (57). The increased occurrence of peanut sensitization in children utilizing topical treatments containing peanut oil (58) and in households where peanut consumption is high implicates allergen presentation via a route other than oral ingestion (59).…”

Section: Acquisition Of Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Food allergy: Is strict avoidance the only answer?

Allen

Campbell

Kemp

2009

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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It is an immunological paradigm that avoidance of food allergen may reduce the risk or prevent immunological reactions and conversely that a greater exposure increases the magnitude of the immune response. Consequently, food allergen avoidance has been recommended to reduce the risk of sensitization in infants and to prevent clinical reactions in children with positive skin prick tests (SPT). In the latter setting, it is hoped that avoidance may either promote or at least not retard the development of tolerance. Animal studies, however, have demonstrated that tolerance to food allergens may be induced by either large (high zone tolerance) or small (low zone tolerance) doses, whereas doses in between may actually stimulate immune responses. In this review, we discuss whether strict allergen avoidance is always the most appropriate strategy for preventing or managing IgE‐mediated food allergy.

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“…Interestingly, families of children who become allergic to peanut tend to consume more peanut than families with children without peanut allergy. 7 Almost all children who have peanut allergy have an ''oozing, crusted rash'' during their first 6 months of life. 3 Peanut protein was applied to tape-stripped epidermis, 4 representing a similar epidermal barrier defect to eczema, to induce sensitization in the murine study.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%