Risk of parenterally transmitted hepatitis following exposure to surgery or other invasive procedures: results from the hepatitis surveillance system in Italy

Mele, Alfonso; Spada, Enea; Sagliocca, Luciano; Ragni, Pietro; Tosti, Maria Elena; Gallo, G; Moiraghi, Angela; Balocchini, Emanuela; Sangalli, M; Lopalco, Pietro Luigi; Stroffolini, Tommaso

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(01)00111-8

Cited by 101 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In our study, all eight cases had at least one parenteral risk factor. The practice of unsafe injections in the healthcare settings as a major contributor to HCV transmission in developing countries is well accepted [18,20,23]. The World Health Organization has estimated that 16 billion health care injections are administered annually in its developing and transitional member countries [24] and that overuse and unsafe injecting are at epidemic proportions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25]. Healthcare settings have several potential parenteral contributors to HCV transmission, with blood transfusion, surgery, dental treatment, acupuncture and therapeutic injections (especially with nondisposable syringes), and high frequency of injection documented as independent predictors of HCV infection [18,20,23,[26][27][28][29][30]. Those who had ever been in a hospital were 2.1 to 3.7 times more likely to have acquired HCV [20,26,[28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C infection in rural north Vietnam

2007

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Background In Vietnam, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injecting drug users and patients with liver disease is known to be high, yet the magnitude of HCV in the general population, particularly in rural areas, has not been clearly estimated. A community-based study was used to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in a rural population of north Vietnam and explore risk factors associated with HCV acquisition. Method A community-based viral hepatitis seroprevalence study using a multistage sampling method to recruit participants was undertaken. The study population size (n = 837) had been determined on the basis of estimated hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence. Information on demography and potential risk factors were obtained using face-to-face interviews, and all selected participants were tested for anti-HCV antibody. Results HCV prevalence in the study population was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.4%-1.9%). Hospital admission (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 7.19; 95% CI: 1.59-32.53; P = .01) and having tattoos (AOR: 13.37: 95% CI: 1.86-96.15; P = .01) were independent predictors of HCV infection, and farmers were less likely to have HCV infection than those in other occupations (AOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04-0.84; P = .02). Conclusion The prevalence of HCV infection is low in the general rural population in northern Vietnam. An association between HCV infection and hospital admission and tattoos indicate a need to improve the standards of infection control in healthcare and other settings in this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C infection in rural north Vietnam

2007

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“…7,8 Although health care-related procedures have not been unequivocally associated with HCV acquisition in case-control studies, 2 some studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of HCV infection in patients who underwent invasive medical procedures or prolonged hospitalization. 9,10 Transmission of HCV in hemodialysis and hematology units is well documented. 6,11,12 Transfusion of blood products before universal anti-HCV screening and patient-to-patient transmission have been implicated as the main mechanisms of HCV acquisition in this setting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial transmission of HCV in the liver unit of a tertiary care center

et al. 2004

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Despite its medical and legal implications, there are no prospective studies analyzing the incidence and mechanisms involved in the nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in liver units. This study prospectively investigates the nosocomial transmission of HCV in the liver unit of a tertiary care center from August 2000 to October 2002. The median prevalence of HCV infection among hospitalized patients was 50%. Anti-HCVnegative patients admitted to the liver unit during the study period were prospectively followed, and serum markers of HCV infection were repeated 6 months after discharge.

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“…This association is particularly true for the risk associated with ophthalmic surgery and even more so in the case of cataract surgery, a procedure mostly per formed in elderly patients who have very high rates of HCV in fection (1214) . An association between HCV infection and ophthalmic surgery, mostly performed for cataracts, has been reported (15) . Addi tionally, different types of viral contamination after corneal trans plantation have been reported, including the rabies virus (16) , prion Creu t zfeldtJakob disease (CJD) (17) , hepatitis B (18) and the acqui red immunodeficiency virus (19) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral contamination during sequential phacoemulsification surgeries in an experimental model

Coelho¹,

Garcia²,

Paula³

et al. 2012

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Purpose: To determine the incidence of Piry virus contamination among surgical instruments used with disposable accessories for phacoemulsification during se quential surgeries. Methods: An experimental model was created with 4 pigs' eyes that were conta minated with Piry virus and 4 pigs' eyes that were not contaminated. Phacoemul sification was performed on the eyes, alternating between the contaminated and noncontaminated eyes. From one surgery to another, the operating fields, gloves, scalpel, tweezers, needles, syringes, tips and bag collector from the phacoemulsi fi cation machine were exchanged; only the hand piece and the irrigation and aspira tion systems were maintained. Results: In the collector bag, three samples from the contaminated eyes (3/4) were positive, and two samples from the noncontaminated (2/4) eyes were also positive; at the tip, one sample from the contaminated eyes (1/4) and two samples of the non contaminated eyes (2/4) yielded positive results. In the irrigation system, one sample from a noncontaminated eye (1/4) was positive, and in the aspiration system, two samples from contaminated eyes (2/4) and two samples from noncontaminated eyes (2/4) were positive. In the gloves, the samples were positive in two samples from the noncontaminated eyes (2/4) and in two samples from the contaminated eyes (2/4). In the scalpel samples, three contaminated eyes (3/4) and none of the noncontaminated eyes (0/4) were positive; finally, two samples from the anterior chambers of the noncontaminated eyes gathered after surgery were positive. Conclusions: In two noncontaminated eyes, the presence of genetic material was detected after phacoemulsification surgery, demonstrating that the transmission of the genetic material of the Piry virus occurred at some point during the surgery on these noncontaminated eyes when the hand piece and irrigation and aspiration systems were reused between surgeries.

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Risk of parenterally transmitted hepatitis following exposure to surgery or other invasive procedures: results from the hepatitis surveillance system in Italy

Cited by 101 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C infection in rural north Vietnam

Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C infection in rural north Vietnam

Nosocomial transmission of HCV in the liver unit of a tertiary care center

Viral contamination during sequential phacoemulsification surgeries in an experimental model

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