Risk of parenterally transmitted hepatitis following exposure to invasive procedures in Italy: SEIEVA surveillance 2000-2021

Caminada, Susanna; Mele, A; Ferrigno, Luigina; Alfonsi, Valeria; Crateri, Simonetta; Iantosca, Giuseppina; Sabato, Marise; Tosti, Maria Elena

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.002

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Our work suggests that hospitals might still generate new HCV and HBV contaminations, especially in healthcare settings with low resources and/or suboptimal disinfection practices. This is in line with recent studies highlighting a persisting increased risk of HBV and HCV infection associated with medical and surgical procedures (2,16). We showed that nosocomial acquisitions could however be tackled by improving control measures and by a better allocation of financial resources to make more sterile devices available for hospitals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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An agent-based model to simulate the transmission dynamics of bloodborne pathogens within hospitals

Henriot,

El Kassas,

Anwar

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Bloodborne pathogens are a major public health concern as they can lead to a variety of medical conditions, including cirrhosis and cancers with significant mortality and morbidity. Three viruses are of major concern: HCV, HBV and HIV. Their transmission is mostly community-associated but the iatrogenic risk of infection is not negligible, even today. Mathematical models are widely used to describe and assess pathogens transmission, within communities and hospitals. Nevertheless, few are focusing on the transmission of pathogens through blood and even fewer on their transmission within hospital as they usually study the risk of community-associated infection in vulnerable populations such as MSM or drug users. Herein, we propose an agent-based SEI (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected) model to explore the transmission dynamics of bloodborne pathogens within hospitals. This model simulates the dynamics of patients between hospital wards, from their admission to discharge, as well as the dynamics of the devices used during at-risk invasive procedures, considering that patient contamination occurs after exposure to a contaminated device. Multiple parameters of the model, such as HCV prevalence, transition probabilities between wards or ward-specific probabilities of undergoing different invasive procedures, were informed with data collected in the University Hospital of Ain Shams in Cairo, Egypt in 2017. We explored the effect of device shortage as well as the effect of random and systematic screening with associated modification in disinfection practices on the risk of infection for patients. By modifying some parameters of the model, we then explored the case of HBV in Ethiopia. In the future, this model could be used to assess the risk of transmission of other bloodborne pathogens in other contexts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Nevertheless, iatrogenic transmission may occur during invasive procedures when compliance to infection control measures is imperfect. Recent studies have highlighted the persisting increased risk of HBV and HCV infection in individuals exposed to invasive procedures, with high risk levels in some low-or middle-income countries (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An agent-based model to simulate the transmission dynamics of bloodborne pathogens within hospitals

Henriot,

El Kassas,

Anwar

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…with an elevated risk of acquiring acute hepatitis B and C, with a strong correlation between HBV infection and gynecology, laryngology, and cardiovascular/thoracic surgery (Caminada et al, 2023). Similarly, strong associations have been reported…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…between HCV infection and neurosurgery, otolaryngology, and vascular surgery interventions (Caminada et al, 2023). Note: Classification of titer of anti-HCV: Low 1.0 to <10.0, middle 10.0 to <200.0, high ≥200.0…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both patients and DHCWs have the potential to act as hosts for microorganisms. Dental treatment, especially oral surgery, is considered a risk factor for HBV and HCV infections (Averbukh & Wu, 2019 ; Caminada et al, 2023 ; Mahboobi et al, 2010 , 2013 ; Redd et al, 2007 ; Younai, 2010 ). Improper use of sterile techniques and insufficient medical education have been reported to increase the risk of HCV transmission during dental procedures (Averbukh & Wu, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B and C infections among Japanese dental health workers: Insights from vaccination rates and screening results in the Oita prefecture

Nagao,

Kimura,

Tomooka

et al. 2024

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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ObjectiveThis study examined the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rates and vaccination rates for hepatitis B (HB) among dental healthcare workers (DHCWs) in the Oita prefecture, Japan.MethodsHepatitis virus testing was conducted on 1920 participants (486 dentists and 1434 dental staff). Anonymous data on age, gender, occupation, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs), antibodies to HCV (anti‐HCV), history of HB vaccination, and antiviral treatment for individuals with positive anti‐HCV were collected.ResultsThe positivity rates for HBsAg, anti‐HBs, and anti‐HCV were 0.5%, 39.7%, and 0.6%, respectively. Dentists had significantly higher rates of anti‐HBs positivity (53.9% vs. 34.9%; p < .0001) and anti‐HCV positivity (1.4% vs. 0.3%; p = .0080) compared to dental staff. The vaccination and non‐vaccination rates among 1395 with a known HB vaccination history were 59.1% and 40.9%, respectively. Dentists had a significantly higher HB vaccine vaccination rate than the dental staff (73.6% vs. 54.0%; p < .0001). Those in the vaccination group were younger (p < .0001), had a higher proportion of males (p = .0022) and dentists (p < .0001), a lower HBsAg positivity rate (p < .0097), and a higher anti‐HBs positivity rate (p < .0001) compared to those in the non‐vaccination group. The positivity rate of HBsAg and anti‐HBs in the unvaccinated group increased with age, with HBsAg positivity reaching 3.8% in the 70s and anti‐HBs positivity reaching 40.4% in the 70s and 66.7% in the 80s.ConclusionsThis study highlights the need to raise awareness about hepatitis prevention vaccination, particularly among dental staff, due to differences in HB vaccination rates across occupations. In particular, they indicated that elderly DHCWs may be more vulnerable to HBV infection. Regular monitoring of the vaccination rate and infection risk is crucial.

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Hospital HCV elimination in addition to universal precautions could reduce incidence and infection burden in Italy

Kondili

Rumi

Craxı̀

2023

Journal of Hepatology

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Risk of parenterally transmitted hepatitis following exposure to invasive procedures in Italy: SEIEVA surveillance 2000-2021

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

An agent-based model to simulate the transmission dynamics of bloodborne pathogens within hospitals

An agent-based model to simulate the transmission dynamics of bloodborne pathogens within hospitals

Hepatitis B and C infections among Japanese dental health workers: Insights from vaccination rates and screening results in the Oita prefecture

Hospital HCV elimination in addition to universal precautions could reduce incidence and infection burden in Italy

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