Risk of olfactory dysfunction of the workers in the automobile repair, printing, shoemaking and plating industries in Korea: a cross-sectional study

Lee, Soo Jin; Kim, Eun Mi; Cho, Seok Hyun; Song, Jaechul; Jang, Tae Won; Lee, Mi Young

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022678

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Consistently, a previous study examined taste and smell functions based on objective measures and found severe taste dysfunction had higher prevalence than severe smell dysfunction among older adults [37]. In addition, when compared with the results from Lee et al [31], we observed a smaller effect size of cadmium exposure. The difference might have been caused by differences in (1) the study population-we used a nationally representative population in this study, while a high-risk population (i.e., workers from certain types of industries) was targeted by Lee et al [31]-and (2) the exposure measurement-cadmium was assessed using blood samples in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Although declines in cadmium exposure among teens and adults were observed in prior studies, long-term exposure to low levels of cadmium still poses risks of adverse outcomes to the general population [30]. Lee et al [31] designed a cross-sectional study to investigate the risk of smell dysfunction in workers with occupational exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and lead in Korea. Workers who were exposed to occupational pollutants were observed to have higher prevalence of smell dysfunction than those who were not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Cadmium Exposure and Taste and Smell Dysfunction: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2014

Zheng

Shen

Zhu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Cadmium is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and has been associated with many adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the effect of cadmium exposure on taste and smell dysfunction. Methods: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 to investigate the associations between blood cadmium and taste and smell dysfunction among 5038 adults aged 40–80 years old. Taste and smell dysfunction were defined by questionnaires, examinations, or both criteria. Results: In survey weighted logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income-to-poverty ratio (IPR), and education, individuals with a blood cadmium level in the highest tertiles had significantly higher odds of having perceived smell dysfunction (odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.84), perceived taste dysfunction (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.89), and taste dysfunction defined by both self-reported and objectively measured data (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.07). After further adjusting for body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking, consistent results were observed for perceived taste dysfunction (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.00), and no significant associations were found between cadmium exposure and other outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cadmium exposure is associated with perceived taste dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Cadmium Exposure and Taste and Smell Dysfunction: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2014

Zheng

Shen

Zhu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The job might be a risk factor for acquiring olfactory disorders. Lee et al [24] from Korea reported a higher prevalence rate of olfactory disorders in certain jobs, automobile repair (45.1%), printing (69.7%), and shoemaking and plating (88.9%) workers in comparison to the o ces' workers (21.2%). It is wellknown that there is no one immune against the COVID-19 disease, but healthcare workers are more vulnerable [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Parosmia due to COVID-19 Disease: A 268 Case Series

Rashid

Alaqeedy

Al-Ani

2021

Preprint

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Although parosmia is a common problem in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies assessed the demographic and clinical aspects of this debilitating symptom. We aimed to evaluate the socio-clinical characteristics and outcome of various options of treatment of individuals with parosmia due to COVID-19 infection. The study was conducted at two main Hospitals in the Ramadi and Tikrit cities, Iraq, on patients with a chief complaint of parosmia due to COVID-19 disease. The study involved 7 months (August 2020-February 2021). Detailed demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment options with their outcome were recorded and analyzed. Out of 268 patients with parosmia, there were 197 (73.5%) females. The majority were from age group ≤ 30 years (n = 188, 70.1%), housewives (n = 150, 56%), non-smokers (n = 222, 82.8%), and associated with dysgeusia (n = 207, 77.2%) but not associated with nasal symptoms (n = 266, 99.3%). All patients have complained of anosmia (89.9%) or hyposmia (10.1%). Troposmia was reported in the majority of participants. The majority of the patients were suffering from severe parosmia (65.7%). Around 3 quarters of the cases were presented in ≤ 4 months. Altered quality of life (AQL) was presented in 91.8% of subjects, and there was a significant association with the presence of dysgeusia and type and severity of parosmia. The smoking habit didn't show a significant association with AQL, the severity of parosmia, and the recovery rate. Most of the odor group was the most triggering stimuli eliciting parosmia, while, the sewage was the response odor in above 50% of the cases. The recovery rate was poor with olfactory training plus either tonics or local and systemic steroids. Parosmia due to COVID-19 infection is a common problem with poor results in the short-term treatment and follow-up. The AQL was seen in a greater proportion of patients and strongly associated with the presence of dysgeusia, type, and severity of parosmia.

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“…The job might be a risk factor for acquiring olfactory disorders. Lee et al [ 24 ] from Korea reported a higher prevalence rate of olfactory disorders in certain jobs, automobile repair (45.1%), printing (69.7%), and shoemaking and plating (88.9%) workers in comparison to the offices' workers (21.2%). It is well-known that there is no one immune against the COVID-19 disease, but healthcare workers are more vulnerable [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parosmia Due to COVID-19 Disease: A 268 Case Series

Rashid

Alaqeedy

Al-Ani

2021

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Although parosmia is a common problem in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies assessed the demographic and clinical aspects of this debilitating symptom. We aimed to evaluate the socio-clinical characteristics and outcome of various options of treatment of individuals with parosmia due to COVID-19 infection. The study was conducted at two main Hospitals in the Ramadi and Tikrit cities, Iraq, on patients with a chief complaint of parosmia due to COVID-19 disease. The study involved 7 months (August 2020–February 2021). Detailed demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment options with their outcome were recorded and analyzed. Out of 268 patients with parosmia, there were 197 (73.5%) females. The majority were from age group ≤ 30 years (n = 188, 70.1%), housewives (n = 150, 56%), non-smokers (n = 222, 82.8%), and associated with dysgeusia (n = 207, 77.2%) but not associated with nasal symptoms (n = 266, 99.3%). All patients have complained of anosmia (89.9%) or hyposmia (10.1%). Troposmia was reported in the majority of participants. The majority of the patients were suffering from severe parosmia (65.7%). Around 3 quarters of the cases were presented in ≤ 4 months. Altered quality of life (AQL) was presented in 91.8% of subjects, and there was a significant association with the presence of dysgeusia and type and severity of parosmia. The smoking habit didn't show a significant association with AQL, the severity of parosmia, and the recovery rate. Most of the odor group was the most triggering stimuli eliciting parosmia, while, the sewage was the response odor in above 50% of the cases. The recovery rate was poor with olfactory training plus either tonics or local and systemic steroids. Parosmia due to COVID-19 infection is a common problem with poor results in the short-term treatment and follow-up. The AQL was seen in a greater proportion of patients and strongly associated with the presence of dysgeusia, type, and severity of parosmia.

show abstract

Risk of olfactory dysfunction of the workers in the automobile repair, printing, shoemaking and plating industries in Korea: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Associations between Cadmium Exposure and Taste and Smell Dysfunction: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2014

Associations between Cadmium Exposure and Taste and Smell Dysfunction: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2014

Parosmia due to COVID-19 Disease: A 268 Case Series

Parosmia Due to COVID-19 Disease: A 268 Case Series

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