Risk of Nosocomial Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III/Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus in a Large Cohort of Intensively Exposed Health Care Workers

Dk, Henderson; Saah, A. J.; Bj, Zak; Ra, Kaslow; Lane, H. Clifford; Folks, T; Wc, Blackwelder; Schmitt, James M.; Dj, LaCamera; Masur, Henry

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-104-5-644

Cited by 196 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The incidence of needle-stick injury is surprisingly high [4][5][6]. In one study, 16 of 86 junior doctors (19%) had suffered injury from a needle which was contaminated with the blood of HIV-positive patients [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevention of needle‐stick injuryEfficacy of a safeguarded intravenous cannula

et al. 1999

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SummaryOne possible method of reducing the incidence of needle-stick injury is to use needles with safeguard mechanisms. The needle of the Insyte AutoGuard intravenous cannula can be retracted into the safety barrel. One hundred patients were randomly allocated to receive either an 18-gauge conventional Insyte intravenous cannula (group C) or the AutoGuard cannula (group AG) to assess the ease of use and efficacy of the AutoGuard device. It was possible to insert the cannula into the vein within two attempts in all patients; there was no significant difference between two groups with respect to ease of insertion. No problems, such as inadvertent withdrawal of the needle, occurred during insertion in any patient. Handling the withdrawn needle was judged significantly safer in group AG than in group C (p`0.001). Blood contamination often occurred where a withdrawn needle was placed in group C, whereas no blood stain was detected in any case in group AG (p`0.001). The AutoGuard cannula provides safer handling of a withdrawn needle without reducing its ease of insertion.

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confidence: 99%

Prevention of needle‐stick injuryEfficacy of a safeguarded intravenous cannula

et al. 1999

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“…Other diseases that can be acquired as a result of occupational exposures to blood include malaria, 2 tuberculosis, 3 rocky mountain spotted fever, 4 herpes zoster, 5 lassa fever, 6 cryptococcus, 7 non-A-non-B hepatitis 8 and hepatitis A. 9 The risk of health workers acquiring these diseases increases with increase in incidence of the mechanical hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 One hundred and fifty of a cohort of 531 health care workers followed up in the United States of America reported percutaneous or mucous membrane exposure to blood or body fluids from a patient with AIDS during the treatment of 238 of such patients. 8 Momah 13 in her study of the epidemiology of needle stick and sharp injuries among health care workers in Nigerian hospitals found that 84.2% of the respondents had experienced at least one injury since embarking on their respective careers, while 62.2% of them sustained their recent injury within the past one year. Doctors and nurses from two hospitals were followed up for two three-monthly periods to ascertain the occurrence of injuries 13 and the survey revealed high incidence rate of 3.9 per person years (ppy) and 2.2 ppy for the first and second quarters respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Incidence of blood-related work accidents among health workers in a government hospital in Benin City, Nigeria

Ofili¹,

Asuzu²,

Okojie³

2009

Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research

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Accidents are hazards to which health workers are exposed. Hazards may be physical, chemical, biological, mechanical or psychosocial. Mechanical hazards are very common in the health industry because of the frequent use of pointed and sharp instruments such as needles, scalpel and knives. This six-month (June 1999 and June 2000) longitudinal incidence study was carried out at the Central Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, as a follow-up on a previous cross-sectional study on frequency of blood-related work accidents in the same hospital. All the doctors, laboratory workers and 50% of nurses were included in the study. The nurses were selected using stratified random sampling method. Two hundred and fourteen health care workers started the follow-up study, out of which 146 were left at the end of the six-month period, giving an attrition rate of 31.8%. Results shows that contact with patients' blood with ungloved hands, blood splashes on the face and other parts of the body, needle pricks, cuts from drug ampoules and glove perforation during surgery were the major work-related accidents/injuries during the six-month follow-up. This is similar to findings from the retrospective study. The frequencies of various accidents were higher during the six-month follow-up (incidence study) than the six months prior to the study (retrospective study). Combining all the health workers, the incidence densities of these five major work-related accidents were between 3.6 per person years (ppy) to 9.5ppy. These incidence densities were all significantly higher for doctors than nurses or laboratory workers. There is an urgent need to reduce the incidence of these work-related accidents/injuries in order to reduce the chances of health workers developing occupationally acquired diseases.

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“…States of America and it reported percutaneous or mucous membrane exposure to blood or body fluids from a patient with AIDS during the treatment of 238 of such patients [16] . Similarly, according to a Tanzanian study, five health care workers per year experienced percutaneous injuries [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to work-related sharp injuries among nurses in Nigeria

Adejumo

olatunji

2013

JNEP

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Workplace conditions increase risks to health care workers especially nurses who stay longest with the patient in the hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the exposure to work-related sharp injuries among nurses and their frequency of contact with needles and other sharp devices at work in a selected Teaching hospital in Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy five (275) registered nurses participated in the study. Questionnaires served as the study tool and were administered following due ethical approval. Statistical analyses include descriptive and chi-square tests with the assistance of SPSS, version 18.Findings showed several factors that constitute occurrence of sharp injury, according to 20% of the respondents, sharp injury occurred while they were administering injectable medicines and 35.3% of them identified needle recapping. To 21.2% and 11% of the participants, breakage of medication ampoule and packing used syringes and needles for disposal were identified respectively. Also, 87.6% of the respondents experienced sharp injury at work while 12.4% did not. The causes of sharp injury result from failure to follow recommended procedures through personal behavioural risks such as safe handling and disposal of needle and syringes. Nurses as the largest network of the health care enterprise need to be competent and up to date in their caring role to minimize sharp injuries at work and its sequelae.

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Risk of Nosocomial Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III/Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus in a Large Cohort of Intensively Exposed Health Care Workers

Cited by 196 publications

References 11 publications

Prevention of needle‐stick injuryEfficacy of a safeguarded intravenous cannula

Prevention of needle‐stick injuryEfficacy of a safeguarded intravenous cannula

Incidence of blood-related work accidents among health workers in a government hospital in Benin City, Nigeria

Exposure to work-related sharp injuries among nurses in Nigeria

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