Risk of injury analysis in depth jump and squat jump

Abstract

Introduction: The depth jump (DJ) and squat jump (SJ) are accepted ways to assess and train power producing ability but are not without risk of injury. Methods: Sixteen male participants (age = 21.7 ± 1.54 yrs., height = 177.7 ± 11.4 cm, mass = 77.7 ± 13.6 kg) were evaluated for power exertion capabilities while being assessed for risk of injury in the knee and low back through a range of resistances based on a percentage of participants' heights in the DJ (0% through 50%) and bodyweights for the SJ (0% through 100%). Two variables were used to assess the risk of injury in the knee: valgus angle and internal abduction moment (IAM). Four variables were used in the low back: compression and shear force at the L5/S1 vertebrae, intraabdominal pressure (IAP), and erector muscle tension. Results: With increasing DJ drop height, participants showed increased risk of injury in the knee through the valgus angle and IAM. In the low back, significant correlation occurred between increasing drop height and the shear force and IAP while compression force and erector muscle tension were more correlated with the power exertion of the participants than the drop height. With increasing SJ resistance, no significant increased risk of knee injury was detected. However, all low back variables except the IAP were significantly influenced by the increased resistance. Conclusion: Risk of injury in the knee and low back can be strongly dependent not only on the type of jump, but also the amount of resistance. The resulting power exerted by the athlete can also influence the risk of injury.

Analysis and Recognition of Human Lower Limb Motions Based on Electromyography (EMG) Signals

“…The results indicate that the muscles with a low correlation in the lower limbs can be distinguished by statistical principles. Taking the selected four muscles as the input for the recognizer, different road slopes, road conditions and lower limb movements can also be typified, which shows a better recognition result than other signal-based methods [23][24][25][26]. The research results help to identify the movement states of humans and predict human movement intention, so as to achieve efficient and safe operation.…”

Changes in Countermovement Jump Height in Elite Volleyball Players in Two Competitive Seasons: Consideration on the Technique of Execution of the Jump

“…As these kinds of measurements are frequently implemented, the idea of injury risk during the testing procedures could be raised. So far, researchers have not examined extensively the potential risk of injury during testing procedures of CMJ, and no specific relationship was found in squat jump or depth jump testing in regards to knee or low back injury [25].…”

Towards a more individualised assessment of post-training fatigue in young footballers

“…In footballers, this simple field method has been used to model a linear FvP profiling based on vertical squat jumps at varying loads [ 20 ] or repeated sprints [ 21 ]. However, loaded vertical jumps may be inadvisable in adolescents due to the prevalence of poor squatting and landing technique [ 22 ], and low back strain [ 23 ]. Conversely, the horizontal type of force-velocity-power jump (H-FvP) test, performed under laboratory conditions, has demonstrated its relevance in such a young population [ 24 ] and its interest in differentiating inter-individual responses to fatigue [ 25 ].…”