Risk of Injuries in Paralympic Track and Field Differs by Impairment and Event Discipline

Blauwet, Cheri; Cushman, Daniel M.; Emery, Carolyn A.; Willick, Stuart E.; Webborn, Nick; Derman, Wayne; Schwellnus, Martin; Stomphorst, Jaap; Vliet, Peter Van de

doi:10.1177/0363546516629949

Cited by 53 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Three relevant studies [4][5][6] were located and categorized as shown in Table 1 (based on levels of evidence, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, 2011).…”

Section: Results Of Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 -Seated throwing field athletes had higher shoulder injury incident rate compared with wheelchair racing. 4 -The role that trunk control has on the risk of shoulder injury among wheelchair fencers may be an important consideration to mitigating injury. 5 -Sledge hockey and wheelchair curling reported a higher risk of upper-extremity injury compared with other winter parasports (eg, alpine skiing, Nordic skiing, biathlon).…”

Section: Summary Of Search Best Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 • The studies revealed that reports of shoulder injuries for elite wheelchair athletes had various incidence rates among 5 different parasports. [4][5][6] -The shoulder is reported as the most common site of injury compared with other body regions among wheelchair athletes in 2 of the studies. 4,5 -Seated throwing field athletes had higher shoulder injury incident rate compared with wheelchair racing.…”

Section: Summary Of Search Best Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] -The shoulder is reported as the most common site of injury compared with other body regions among wheelchair athletes in 2 of the studies. 4,5 -Seated throwing field athletes had higher shoulder injury incident rate compared with wheelchair racing. 4 -The role that trunk control has on the risk of shoulder injury among wheelchair fencers may be an important consideration to mitigating injury.…”

Section: Summary Of Search Best Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seated field events were found to have the highest incidence rate of shoulder injury followed by wheelchair fencing. 4,5 The required mechanics of seated field events and wheelchair fencing and its relation to the disruption in the kinetic chain due to poor core/trunk control may be a contributing factor to the overuse injury rate. Clinicians should develop injury prevention and treatment programs that restore core/ trunk control, thus promote optimal energy transfer through the kinetic chain, creating a more stable base from which fencing and throwing upper limb movements are generated.…”

Section: Clinical Bottom Linementioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of Shoulder Injury in Elite Wheelchair Athletes Differ Between Sports: A Critically Appraised Topic

Fairbairn

Bliven

2019

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Clinical Scenario: Until recently, injury epidemiology data on elite Paralympic athletes were limited. Current data suggest high rates of shoulder injury in wheelchair athletes. Differences in shoulder injury rates between sports have not been reported in this population. Clinical Question: Is the incidence of shoulder injury in elite wheelchair athletes different between sports? Summary of Key Findings: Shoulder injury rates are high in elite wheelchair athletes, particularly in sports such as field events and fencing that require a stable base (eg, trunk, core control) from which to perform. Wheelchair racing requires repetitive motions that contribute to shoulder injuries, but rates are lower than field sports and fencing. Wheelchair curling and sledge hockey have low shoulder injury risk. Clinical Bottom Line: Shoulder injury rates vary based on sport in elite wheelchair athletes. In addition to incorporating shoulder complex specific rehabilitation for overuse shoulder injuries, clinicians should focus on core and trunk stabilization in elite wheelchair athletes competing in sports, such as field events and fencing. Strength of Recommendation: Grade C evidence exists that reports shoulder injury rates among elite wheelchair athletes differ based on sport participation.Keyword: disabled training and conditioning, epidemiology, shoulder joint, Paralympic Clinical ScenarioThe inaugural Paralympic games were held in 1960, yet it was not until 1976 when injuries during the games were first documented. 1 There are limited epidemiological data on disabled athletes due to inconsistent documentation, lack of definitions of injuries, reliance on self-reporting, and lack of web-based injury surveillance systems. Ferrara and Peterson 1 conducted the first longitudinal study on 5 major elite paraevents using standardized procedures and equipment and reported injury rates in elite disabled athletes were comparable to elite able-bodied athletes. Their research also advocated for the development of standardized injury definitions, reporting more specific injury information (eg, wheelchair athletes by class and impairment), and data collection systems to enable higher quality epidemiological research of disabled athletes. 1 Continued efforts by several organizations to address identified barriers led to standardized injury definitions and injury rate calculations, and the implementation of an online web-based injury and illness surveillance system at the 2012 London Paralympic Games. 2,3 Establishing the infrastructure to support injury surveillance of elite disabled athletes facilitates consistent data collection and tracking methods across a variety of sports, body regions, and injuries. Information gained from injury surveillance enables researchers and clinicians to better understand injuries and the unique needs of this population, so more appropriate care can be provided. For example, wheelchair athletes present with unique demands and needs of their upper-extremity in daily life and sport, which may impact injury rat...

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“…Three relevant studies [4][5][6] were located and categorized as shown in Table 1 (based on levels of evidence, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, 2011).…”

Section: Results Of Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Search Best Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Search Best Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Search Best Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Bottom Linementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Incidence of Shoulder Injury in Elite Wheelchair Athletes Differ Between Sports: A Critically Appraised Topic

Fairbairn

Bliven

2019

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Management of Hamstring Pain in an Elite Female Para‐Swimming Athlete Using Radial Shockwave Therapy: A Case Report

Hayano

Blauwet

Tenforde

2020

PM&R

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Shoulder pain and ultrasound findings: A comparison study of wheelchair athletes, nonathletic wheelchair users, and nonwheelchair users

Hoo

Kim

Fram

et al. 2021

PM&R

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Background: Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal concerns in manual wheelchair users including among athletes. However, there is a paucity of research characterizing both shoulder pain and shoulder pathology in this population. Objective: To characterize and compare the prevalence of current shoulder pain and ultrasound metrics of shoulder pathology between wheelchair athletes, nonathletic wheelchair users, and nonwheelchair users. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Chicago-area adaptive sport teams/programs and musculoskeletal clinics. Participants: Thirty-four wheelchair athletes, six nonathletic wheelchair users, and 12 nonwheelchair users. Methods: Self-reported shoulder pain was assessed by questionnaire and Wheelchair User Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI). Shoulder physiology and pathology were assessed by physical and ultrasound evaluation of both shoulders by a sports medicine physician. Main Outcome Measures: Questionnaire outcomes: Prevalence of current shoulder pain, total WUSPI score. Physical examination outcomes: total Physical Examination of Shoulder Scale (PESS) score. Sonographic outcomes: Acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and presence of shoulder pathology. Results: The majority of wheelchair athletes (68%) and nonathletic wheelchair users (67%) experienced shoulder pain since using a manual wheelchair. Wheelchair basketball players had a mean WUPSI score of 17.2 (SD = 21.8), and athletes participating in handcycling, sled hockey, and quad rugby had mean scores of 4.91 (SD = 8.32), 7.76 (SD = 13.1), and 4.29 (SD = 7.75), respectively. Shoulder pathology was observed in 14 of 31 (45%) wheelchair athletes and 4 of 6 (67%) nonathletic wheelchair users (p = .41). Conclusions: Although wheelchair use is a risk factor for shoulder pain, participation in amateur wheelchair sports may not be associated with increased risk of shoulder pain. It is possible that overhead sports such as wheelchair basketball may define a unique high-risk group. Further study is needed to examine this relationship and to determine whether there are differences between specific wheelchair sports.

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Risk of Injuries in Paralympic Track and Field Differs by Impairment and Event Discipline

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

Incidence of Shoulder Injury in Elite Wheelchair Athletes Differ Between Sports: A Critically Appraised Topic

Incidence of Shoulder Injury in Elite Wheelchair Athletes Differ Between Sports: A Critically Appraised Topic

Management of Hamstring Pain in an Elite Female Para‐Swimming Athlete Using Radial Shockwave Therapy: A Case Report

Shoulder pain and ultrasound findings: A comparison study of wheelchair athletes, nonathletic wheelchair users, and nonwheelchair users

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