Risk of hospitalization for hypoglycemia among older Korean people with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

Associations between multimorbidity, all-cause mortality and glycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

“…Participant numbers ranged from 96 to 892,223. There were 28 longitudinal cohort studies [18, 21, 28, 29, 32–37, 40–57] and 13 cross-sectional studies [17, 19, 20, 22–27, 30, 31, 38, 39]. All included studies were conducted in high or upper-middle-income countries.…”

“…The measure of MM condition count used in the included studies varied considerably. The majority of studies (24/41 (59%)) [19, 21, 27, 28, 30–37, 39–41, 43, 46, 49–53, 55, 57] measured MM in terms of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) [9]. MM was represented as a simple count of conditions that were available in the study datasets in 15 studies (32%) [17, 18, 22–25, 29, 38, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56].…”

“…Only 11/41 (27%) [20, 26, 29, 38, 42, 43, 47, 50, 52, 54, 57] studies had the primary objectives of exploring the relationship between MM and our outcomes of interest, however, all included studies provided data about the association between MM and mortality or glycaemia. 9/41 (22%) studies [24, 27, 28, 33, 37, 39, 46, 49, 56] had broad scoping aims of determining factors that were associated with mortality or glycaemia outcomes. More than half, 21/41 (51%) studies [17–19, 21–23, 25, 30–32, 34–36, 40, 41, 44, 45, 48, 51, 53, 55] did not state the investigation of MM as a research objective, but contained MM count as a covariate when exploring the impact of other factors on mortality or glycaemia, including data allowing us to identify the association between MM count and our outcomes of interest.…”

Use of multiple antidiabetic medications in patients with diabetes and its association with hypoglycaemic events: a case-crossover study in Jordan

“…Previous studies have established that comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases increase the risk of hypoglycaemic events. 23 Likewise, the use of cardiovascular system medications (eg, aspirin, angiotensin receptor blocker, calcium channel clocker, beta-blocker and ACE inhibitors) was common across the study cohort and could have contributed to increasing the hypoglycaemic risk. 24 25 …”

Relationship between Insulin Levels and Nonpsychotic Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…After further evaluating the 135 originally selected articles, 50 high-quality (i.e., had 5–9 points on the NOS, Table 1 ) [ 17 ] articles describing observational studies were included in this study. The remaining 85 articles were excluded for the following reasons: there were no necessary data on insulin concentrations [ 13 , 18 – 27 ]; related genes and insulin signaling pathway proteins were the main study outcomes [ 28 – 36 ]; there was no clear description or record of a cognitive function evaluation [ 37 – 42 ]; the design of the experiments was unreasonable for the purpose of this study [ 43 – 52 ]; the experimental methods were incomplete [ 53 – 60 ]; the papers did not provide completely related data [ 61 – 66 ]; data from only one group were reported [ 2 , 67 – 74 ]; the papers reported data from the same cohort of patients who were used in another study [ 75 – 81 ]; insulin levels were reported in patients with comorbid diseases (in addition to diabetes, metabolic syndrome and related diseases can also lead to nonpsychotic dementia [ 82 – 89 ]), such as cognitive dysfunction caused by depression or anxiety [ 85 ]; serum insulin was measured before and after insulin treatment or other treatments that could influence insulin metabolism in patients with nonpsychotic dementia; only changes in the MMSE scores before and after the treatment were analyzed, while differences between the observation group and the control group were not analyzed [ 11 , 12 ]; and the studies involved cell experiments [ 90 ] or animal experiments [ 6 , 91 – 96 ] (for the flowchart, see Figure 1 ).…”