Risk of HCV transmission after needlestick injury, and the efficacy of short-duration interferon administration to prevent HCV transmission to medical personnel

Chung, Hobyung; Kudo, Masatoshi; Kumada, Takashi; Katsushima, Shinji; Okano, Akihiro; Nakamura, Takefumi; Osaki, Yukio; Kohigashi, Katsuji; Yamashita, Yoshihisa; Komori, Hideshi; Nishiuma, Shinichi

doi:10.1007/s00535-003-1156-1

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…However, empirical studies of the effect of HIV prevention programmes on HCV transmission have reported mixed results. There are several possible reasons why programmes that prevent HIV may not have an effect on HCV transmission, including the fact that HCV is more efficiently transmitted parenterally than HIV [63,64], that with a higher HCV prevalence there are more potential IDU transmitters, and that there may be more sources of HCV exposure (cookers, cotton, water) in the injection setting. Taken together, this would suggest that the influence of HIV prevention programmes on HCV transmission may be smaller than their effect on HIV.…”

Section: Hiv and Hepatitis C Virus Prevention For Injectorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection in drug users: risk behavior and prevention

Hagan¹,

Thiede

Jarlais

2005

Aids

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Studies of HIV-positive patients have consistently shown that drug users, in particular injection drug users (IDU), are far more likely to have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection than other patient groups. HIV incidence and prevalence in IDU has declined in recent years, but HCV remains endemic in this population. HCV antibody prevalence among non-injection users of drugs such as heroin and cocaine is between 5 and 30%, although there are scant data on specific transmission risk behavior. The control of HIV/HCV co-infection must address HCV prevention. Epidemiological studies have suggested that HCV prevalence in IDU is subject to various influences, some of which may be modifiable by interventions. However, studies have not shown consistent effects of various prevention strategies on HCV transmission, including studies of HCV screening and education, drug treatment or needle exchange. Although some large cross-sectional studies in regions where needle exchange is available to a large number of drug injectors have reported declining HCV prevalence, the scale of services needed is a matter of considerable debate and has not been systematically quantified. Priorities for research related to the prevention of HIV/HCV co-infection should include estimating the effect on disease occurrence of eliminating specific risk factors, and specifying the level of resources needed to alter HCV incidence.

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Section: Hiv and Hepatitis C Virus Prevention For Injectorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection in drug users: risk behavior and prevention

Hagan¹,

Thiede

Jarlais

2005

Aids

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“…More studies have been published since, and the seroconversion rate ranges from 0% to 5.4%. 12,[14][15][16][17][18][20][21][22] Our study found an overall seroconversion rate of 0.1% (n = 2) after occupational exposure to the blood of HCV-positive source patients. Both cases of seroconversion occurred after a percutaneous exposure to the left thumb of the HCP.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seroconversion rates among health care workers exposed to hepatitis C virus–contaminated body fluids: The University of Pittsburgh 13-year experience

Egro

Nwaiwu

Smith

et al. 2017

American Journal of Infection Control

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“…Accidental exposure to HCV during medical procedures is another important route of transmission, although the risk is believed to be very low (0.3-2.7%) [19][20][21] . These cases are usually monitored carefully after the accident and, even if they present with acute hepatitis, most cases can be cured by IFN therapy during the early phase of infection [22] .…”

Section: Features Of Recent Hcv Transmission In Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Trends in Hepatitis C Infection over the Past 50 Years in Japan

Chung

Ueda

Kudo³

2010

Intervirology

Self Cite

148

137

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In Japan, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of death in males and the fifth in females. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of HCC in Japan, with 70% of cases being HCV related. HCV genotype 1b, the most prevalent subtype in Japan, started to spread in the 1930s among injecting drug users (IDUs) during and after World War II or through medical procedures such as blood transfusion and use of contaminated syringes. The prevalence of HCV infection is much lower in the current younger generation compared with that in the older generation, particularly those aged >55 years (0.1–0.2% vs. ≧ 2%). Therefore, the total number of patients with HCV infection is estimated to decrease, even though sporadic HCV transmission is mainly seen among young IDUs. Of note, HCV genotype 2 seems to be spreading among IDUs, but the response to antiviral therapy in these patients seems to be better than that in older patients, irrespective of the genotype. Although the number of patients who die because of HCC has steadily increased over the last 50 years, the incidence of HCC is now decreasing, mainly because of the decreased prevalence of HCV-related HCC.

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Risk of HCV transmission after needlestick injury, and the efficacy of short-duration interferon administration to prevent HCV transmission to medical personnel

Abstract: There is a lower risk of HCV transmission after needlestick accident than previously reported, and short-duration interferon administration at an early stage after the needlestick injury, to prevent HCV transmission, is unnecessary.

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection in drug users: risk behavior and prevention

HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection in drug users: risk behavior and prevention

Seroconversion rates among health care workers exposed to hepatitis C virus–contaminated body fluids: The University of Pittsburgh 13-year experience

Changing Trends in Hepatitis C Infection over the Past 50 Years in Japan

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