Risk of Environmental Exposure to H7N9 Influenza Virus via Airborne and Surface Routes in a Live Poultry Market in Hebei, China

Zhang, Cheng; Ke, Guo; Chen, Ligong; Zhang, Chunmao; Wang, Xuejing; Li, Jiaming; Fu, Yingying; Wang, Zhongyi; Guo, Zhixin; Liu, Juxiang; Dong, Shuang

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.688007

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The method for the mouse study was performed according to previous studies [ 26 , 27 ]. Forty-eight 6 weeks old female BALB/c mice were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. Fifteen BALB/c mice were randomly separated into three groups (n = 5 per group) and anesthetized with isoflurane.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammals

Zhang

Zhang²,

Zhao

et al. 2022

Animals

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Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential for cross-species transmission and pandemics. In recent years, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 AIVs are prevalent in domestic poultry, posing a threat to the domestic poultry industry and public health. In this study, two strains of H5N6 AIVs were isolated from chickens in Hebei, China, in 2019: A/chicken/Hebei/HB1907/2019(H5N6) and A/chicken/Hebei/HB1905/2019(H5N6). Phylogenetic analysis showed that both viral HA genes clustered in the 2.3.4.4h clade. Receptor binding analysis showed that the HB1905 strain preferentially binds to α-2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors, while the HB1907 strain preferentially binds to α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors. During early infection, the HB1907 strain is highly replicable in MDCK cells, more so than the HB1905 strain. Pathogenicity assays in mice showed that both viruses could replicate in the lungs without prior adaptation, with HB1907 being more highly pathogenic in mice than the HB1905 strain. Significantly, both the HB1905 and HB1907 strains can be transmitted through direct contact among guinea pigs, but the transmission efficiency of the HB1907 strain through contact between guinea pigs is much greater than that of the HB1905 strain. These results strengthen the need for ongoing surveillance and early warning of H5N6 AIVs in poultry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Referring to previous studies [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], 18 female guinea pigs (300–350 g) were used in the transmission test. Three guinea pigs in each group were inoculated intranasally with HB1905 or HB1907 of 10 6 EID 50 at 200 μL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammals

Zhang

Zhang²,

Zhao

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…We randomly divided 15 mice into two groups, namely, the infection group and the negative control group, the same as in the first part. Virus infection was conducted based on the protocol described previously (Zhang C. et al, 2021). The mice in the infected group were euthanized at 1, 3, 5, and 7 day(s) post-inoculation (d.p.i.)…”

Section: Experimental Infection Of Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Etiologic characteristics of avian influenza H11 viruses isolated from the live poultry market in southeast coastal region in China

Jiang¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Since it was first identified in 1956, the H11 subvariant influenza virus has been reported worldwide. However, due to the low pathogenicity of the H11 subvariant and the absence of its widespread transmission among humans, there are only a few reports on the etiology of the H11 subvariant influenza virus. Therefore, in the present study, we isolated a strain of the H11N3 avian influenza virus (AIV) from poultry feces from the live poultry market in the southeast coastal region of China. Considering that the H11 subvariant is known to cause infections in humans and to enrich the knowledge of the H11 subvariant of the avian influenza virus, the genetics, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of the isolate were studied. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the H11N3 isolate was of Eurasian origin and carried genes closely related to duck H7N2 and H4N6. The receptor binding analysis revealed that the H11N3 isolate only acquired a binding affinity for avian-derived receptors. In the respiratory system of mice, the isolate could directly cause infection without adaptation. In addition, the results from transmission experiments and antibody detection in guinea pigs demonstrated that H11N3 influenza viruses can efficiently transmit through the respiratory tract in mammalian models. Direct infection of the H11N3 influenza virus without adaptation in the mouse models and aerosol transmission between guinea pig models confirms its pandemic potential in mammals, underscoring the importance of monitoring rare influenza virus subtypes in future studies.

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“…The genome of IAVs is approximately 13.5 kb and encodes 11 proteins: HA, NA, NP, M1, M2, NS1, NS2, PA, PB1, PB2 and PB1-F2 ( Ng et al., 2009 ; Chauhan and Gordon, 2020 ; Hao et al., 2020 ). IAVs have long endangered the global livestock industry and human health, and have attracted great attention ( Zhang et al., 2021b ). The development of a rapid, sensitive, efficient and accurate detection method for IAVs is helpful for the early clinical diagnosis, treatment, and control of the spread of influenza A. RT-qPCR assay is a sensitive tool to detect IAVs ( Yang et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of influenza A viruses using a real-time reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay

Zhang

Tu²,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) are important pathogens of respiratory infections, causing not only seasonal influenza but also influenza pandemics and posing a global threat to public health. IAVs infection spreads rapidly, widely, and across species, causing huge losses, especially zoonotic IAVs infections that are more harmful. Fast and sensitive detection of IAVs is critical for controlling the spread of this disease.MethodsHere, a real-time reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (real-time RT-RAA) assay targeting conserved positions in the matrix protein gene (M gene) of IAVs, is successfully established to detect IAVs. The assay can be completed within 20 min at 42°C.ResultsThe sensitivity of the real-time RT-RAA assay was 142 copies per reaction at 95% probability, which was comparable to the sensitivity of the RT-qPCR assay. The specificity assay showed that the real-time RT-RAA assay was specific to IAVs, and there was no cross-reactivity with other important viruses. In addition, 100%concordance between the real-time RT-RAA and RT-qPCR assays was achieved after testing 120 clinical specimens.DiscussionThe results suggested that the real-time RT-RAA assay we developed was a specific, sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool for the rapid detection of IAVs.

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Risk of Environmental Exposure to H7N9 Influenza Virus via Airborne and Surface Routes in a Live Poultry Market in Hebei, China

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammals

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Clade 2.3.4.4h H5N6 Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammals

Etiologic characteristics of avian influenza H11 viruses isolated from the live poultry market in southeast coastal region in China

Rapid detection of influenza A viruses using a real-time reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay

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