Risk of developing ovarian cancer among women with ovarian endometrioma: a cohort study in Shizuoka, Japan

Kobayashi, Hiroshi; Sumimoto, Kazuhiro; Moniwa, Nobuhiko; Imai, Manami; Takakura, Kenji; Kuromaki, T.; Morioka, Emi; Arisawa, Kokichi; Terao, Toshihiko

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00754.x

Cited by 272 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Endometriosis has been suggested to increase the risk of developing EOC (5). Compared to the serous surface epithelial subtype (serous adenocarcinoma, SAC), which comprises the majority of EOC, some types such as CCC and endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) have been associated with endometriosis (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of components of the chromatin modification machinery in carcinogenesis of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (Review)

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Recent data have provided information regarding the profiles of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCC) with adenine-thymine rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) mutations. The purpose of this review was to summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in CCC tumorigenesis and to describe the central role played by the aberrant chromatin remodeling. The present article reviews the English-language literature for biochemical studies on the ARID1A mutation and chromatin remodeling in CCC. ARID1A is responsible for directing the SWI/SNF complex to target promoters and regulates the transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The mutation spectrum of ARID1A was enriched for C to T transitions. CCC and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) resemble each other pathogenetically. Dysfunction of the ARID1A protein, which occurs with VHL mutations in ccRCC, is responsible for loss of the assembly of the ARID1A-mediated histone H2B complex. Therefore, ARID1A acts as a chromatin remodeling modifier, which stimulates cell signaling that can lead to cell cycle arrest and cell death in the event of DNA damage. The dysfunction of ARID1A may result in susceptibility to CCC carcinogenesis through a defect in the repair or replication of damaged DNA. IntroductionEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Epidemiology calculations of lifetime risk for EOC are that 1 in 55 women is likely to develop EOC during their lifetime (1). Since EOC is more likely to be advanced stage with unfavorable tumor biology, there are serious limitations to the surgical and oncological treatment available. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the earliest possible diagnosis. Early diagnosis and surgical resection offer patients the best opportunity of excellent long-term survival. On the other hand, patients who either present with metastatic disease or develop distant relapse within 6 months after surgery and chemotherapy have a poor prognosis. Among EOC, clear cell carcinomas of the ovary (CCC) are frequently characterized by chemoresistance and recurrence, resulting in a poor prognosis (2). Since CCC are resistant to conventional cytotoxic (platinum plus taxan-based) chemotherapy, the prognosis is mostly poor (3). In the USA, the incidence of CCC is 5% of all EOC, but the incidence in Japan is reported to be over 20% of all EOC. Thus, Japanese oncologists have focused on investigating the molecular pathogenesis and treatment strategies of CCC.At present, little is known about the molecular genetic mechanisms that are involved in CCC tumorigenesis. Accumulated somatic mutations found in a subset of cancer genes are frequently noted. Such mutations include insertions/deletions (indels) and base substitutions that act as the 'driver mutations' in oncogenesis. These mutations result in the activation of proto-oncogenes (gain of function) or the inhibition of tumor suppressor genes (loss of function) during the process of carcinoge...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of components of the chromatin modification machinery in carcinogenesis of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (Review)

et al. 2011

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“…It was shown that women with ovarian endometriomas in this cohort had a ninefold increased risk to develop ovarian cancer. 3,4 As shown on the other hand by Vercellini et al 20 in 556 patients that underwent surgery for ovarian cancers, the frequency of simultaneous endometriosis was also significantly higher with 26.3, 21.1 and 22.2% in cases with endometrioid ovarian carcinomas, ovarian clear cell carcinomas or mixed subtypes, respectively, compared with 3.6-5.6% in serous, mucinous and miscellaneous ovarian cancers. In another study with 127 patients with primary ovarian carcinomas endometriosis rates of 70% were reported for ovarian clear cell carcinomas (30/43) and 43% for endometrioid ovarian carcinomas (3/7), whereas only 7% of the serous carcinomas (4/60) and none of the mucinous carcinomas (0/17) showed simultaneous endometriosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…6 Several studies indicated that in women with ovarian endometriosis there is an increased risk for the development of epithelial ovarian cancer, especially the histological subtypes of ovarian clear cell carcinomas and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas. 4 4 reported 46 cases of ovarian carcinomas in a large prospective population-based Japanese study with an ovarian endometriosis cohort of 6398 women and a follow-up of up to 17 years. It was shown that women with ovarian endometriomas in this cohort had a ninefold increased risk to develop ovarian cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Epidemiological data indicates an early onset of endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas such as ovarian clear cell carcinomas and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas. 3,4,24 In western countries ovarian clear cell carcinomas account for 12% of epithelial ovarian carcinomas and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas for 11%, whereas serous carcinomas are the most common subtype with 68%. 25 In Asian countries as in Japan, the percentage of ovarian clear cell carcinomas is even higher with more than 20%, 26 which is remarkable as studies report a higher prevalence of endometriosis in Asian women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Although endometriosis is a benign disease, a clinical association with ovarian cancer, in particular ovarian clear cell carcinomas and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas, has repeatedly been observed in the past years. [3][4][5] There is growing evidence, that endometriosis is linked to ovarian clear cell carcinomas and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas through distinct pathomechanisms. 5,6 One of them is possibly linked to mutations that result in the subsequent loss of the tumorsuppressor gene AT rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A).…”

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Loss of ARID1A/BAF250a-expression in endometriosis: a biomarker for risk of carcinogenic transformation?

Samartzis

Noske

et al. 2012

Modern Pathology

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Mutations of the tumor-suppressor gene ARID1A result in the loss of protein expression of the BRG-associated factor 250a (BAF250a), a large subunit of transcription-regulating Human SWI/SNF complexes, which have an important role in the control of cell proliferation and tumor suppression. ARID1A mutations are particularly frequent in endometriosis-associated ovarian clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas, and were recently described as a possible key mechanism and early step in the transformation of endometriosis into cancer. Here, we examined the immunohistochemical expression pattern of BAF250a in a tissue microarray including 74 endometriosis and 30 endometrium samples. Ovarian cancer samples (n ¼ 136) served as a control. Epithelial BAF250a expression was assessable in 90/104 (87%) and stromal BAF250a expression in 95/104 (91%) of the endometriosis, and endometrium cases due to lack of adequate tissue in some spots. Complete lack of BAF250a expression was observed in three endometriomas (n ¼ 3/20, 15%) and one deep-infiltrating endometriosis sample (n ¼ 1/22, 5%), but in none of the peritoneal endometriosis (n ¼ 0/16) and eutopic endometrium samples (n ¼ 0/30). A comparison of the mean immunoreactivity scores revealed a significantly lower expression rate of BAF250a in endometriomas compared with normal endometrium (Po0.0005), as well as peritoneal (P ¼ 0.003) and deep-infiltrating endometriosis (P ¼ 0.02). Our data demonstrates that a complete loss of BAF250a expression is observable in some endometriotic lesions, especially in endometriomas. In addition, we report that a partial loss of BAF250a expression is occurring in the form of cell clusters indicating a clonal loss of BAF250a expression in these cells. The loss of expression of the tumor-suppressor protein BAF250a in some endometriomas possibly indicates a risk of malignant transformation in these cases, which could be of importance in the determination of individual treatment strategies. However, its role and value as a prognostic parameter in endometriosis needs to be further studied.

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Endometriosis‐Associated Ovarian Cancer

Garrett

Carmen

2014

Uncommon Gynecologic Cancers

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Risk of developing ovarian cancer among women with ovarian endometrioma: a cohort study in Shizuoka, Japan

Cited by 272 publications

References 34 publications

The role of components of the chromatin modification machinery in carcinogenesis of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (Review)

The role of components of the chromatin modification machinery in carcinogenesis of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (Review)

Loss of ARID1A/BAF250a-expression in endometriosis: a biomarker for risk of carcinogenic transformation?

Endometriosis‐Associated Ovarian Cancer

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