Risk of dementia in patients with periodontitis and related protective factors: A nationwide retrospective cohort study

Lee, Chia-Yen; Chang, Chuen Chau; Lin, Chao-Shun; Yeh, Chun Chieh; Hu, Chaur Jong; Wu, Chung Ze; Chen, Ta Liang; Liao, Chien Chang

doi:10.1111/jcpe.13372

Cited by 25 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Notably, the association between periodontitis and dementia risk was significant in people older than 60. Among individuals with periodontitis, the use of statins was associated with a reduced risk of dementia, while as expected, diabetes, mental disorders, and stroke were the major risk factors for dementia (Lee C. Y. et al, 2020).…”

Section: Periodontitissupporting

confidence: 67%

Statins and cognition: Modifying factors and possible underlying mechanisms

Jamshidnejad-Tosaramandani

Kashanian

Al-Sabri

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Statins are a class of widely prescribed drugs used to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and important to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Most statin users are older adults with CVD, who are also at high risk of cognitive decline. It has been suggested that statins can alter cognitive performance, although their positive or negative effects are still debated. With more than 200 million people on statin therapy worldwide, it is crucial to understand the reasons behind discrepancies in the results of these studies. Here, we review the effects of statins on cognitive function and their association with different etiologies of dementia, and particularly, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). First, we summarized the main individual and statin-related factors that could modify the cognitive effects of statins. Second, we proposed the underlying mechanisms for the protective and adverse effects of statins on cognitive performance. Finally, we discussed potential causes of discrepancies between studies and suggested approaches to improve future studies assessing the impact of statins on dementia risk and cognitive function.

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Section: Periodontitissupporting

confidence: 67%

Statins and cognition: Modifying factors and possible underlying mechanisms

Jamshidnejad-Tosaramandani

Kashanian

Al-Sabri

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Periodontitis extensively links to a number of systemic diseases at various extra-oral sites of human body, 12,93 via the direct ectopic infection by periodontopathogens and inflammation 78 or the distalward migration of oral inflammation-activated Th17 cells. 81 Indeed, periodontitis has been demonstrated to exert long-term risk of dementia 94 and even Alzheimer's disease. 95 Notably, periodontitis has been found to be associated with the severity and adverse outcomes of COVID-19, 13,14 as both diseases are related to extensive perturbation of immune systems (e.g., increased complement activation).…”

Section: 6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary ACE2 and TMPRSS2 link to periodontal status and metabolic parameters

Zhao

Cheng

Koohi‐Moghadam

et al. 2022

Clinical and Translational Dis

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“…Past studies of the association between influenza vaccination and the incidence of AD have been limited by small sample sizes; demographic homogeneity that is not representative of the general US population; and/or study populations with specific chronic health conditions (e.g., chronic kidney disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) [11,[18][19][20]22]. Additionally, all but one of these five studies examined the association between influenza vaccination and dementia of any cause; the only study that examined the association with AD-specific dementia used a relatively small sample (n = 3,865) of older adults in Canada.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease Following Influenza Vaccination: A Claims-Based Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching

Bukhbinder

Ling

Hasan³

et al. 2022

JAD

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Background: Prior studies have found a reduced risk of dementia of any etiology following influenza vaccination in selected populations, including Veterans and patients with serious chronic health conditions. However, the effect of influenza vaccination on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk in a general cohort of older US adults has not been characterized. Objective: To compare the risk of incident AD between patients with and without prior influenza vaccination in a large US claims database. Methods: Deidentified claims data spanning September 1, 2009 through August 31, 2019 were used. Eligible patients were free of dementia during the 6-year look-back period and≥65 years old by the start of follow-up. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was used to create flu-vaccinated and flu-unvaccinated cohorts with similar baseline demographics, medication usage, and comorbidities. Relative risk (RR) and absolute risk reduction (ARR) were estimated to assess the effect of influenza vaccination on AD risk during the 4-year follow-up. Results: From the unmatched sample of eligible patients (n = 2,356,479), PSM produced a sample of 935,887 flu–vaccinated-unvaccinated matched pairs. The matched sample was 73.7 (SD, 8.7) years of age and 56.9% female, with median follow-up of 46 (IQR, 29–48) months; 5.1% (n = 47,889) of the flu-vaccinated patients and 8.5% (n = 79,630) of the flu-unvaccinated patients developed AD during follow-up. The RR was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.59–0.61) and ARR was 0.034 (95% CI, 0.033–0.035), corresponding to a number needed to treat of 29.4. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that influenza vaccination is associated with reduced AD risk in a nationwide sample of US adults aged 65 and older.

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Risk of dementia in patients with periodontitis and related protective factors: A nationwide retrospective cohort study

Abstract: Ching-Zong Wu has equal contribution with the first author; Ta-Liang Chen has equal contribution with the corresponding author.

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Statins and cognition: Modifying factors and possible underlying mechanisms

Statins and cognition: Modifying factors and possible underlying mechanisms

Salivary ACE2 and TMPRSS2 link to periodontal status and metabolic parameters

Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease Following Influenza Vaccination: A Claims-Based Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching

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