Risk of Death in Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Klarich, Kyle W.; Jost, Christine H. Attenhofer; Binder, Josepha; Connolly, Heidi M.; Scott, Christopher G.; Freeman, William K.; Ackerman, Michael J.; Nishimura, Rick A.; Tajik, A. Jamil; Ommen, Steve R.

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.02.040

Cited by 140 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our results revealed that apical aneurysm was present in the MB group but absent in patients without MB. Klarich et al [35] showed that apical aneurysm was a significant predictor of major adverse events and conveyed the highest risk of CV morbidity when it coexisted with >5% LGE. Our results showed that there was no relationship between aneurysm and CV events, although this may be due to the small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Outcomes of Myocardial Bridging versus No Myocardial Bridging in Patients with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Zhai

Fan

An³

et al. 2018

Cardiology

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Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical effects of myocardial bridging (MB) in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM). Methods: Angiograms from 212 AHCM patients were reviewed to identify MB. The patients were classified into 2 groups: AHCM with and AHCM without MB. We reviewed patient records on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, symptoms, CV events, and CV mortality. Results: In all, 60 patients with MB and 100 without MB were included. Rates of angina (61.7 vs. 40%; p = 0.008), mimicking non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (15 vs. 3%, p = 0.013), and Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III/IV angina (18.3 vs. 4%; p = 0.003) were higher in patients with MB than in those without. Mean follow-up periods (65.5 ± 50.5 vs. 64.4 ± 43.6 months, p = 0.378) and CV mortality (3.3 vs. 1%; p = 0.652) were similar in the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier estimates demonstrated that CV event-free survival rates were lower in patients with MB than in those without (71.7 vs. 88%; p = 0.022). MB, late gadolinium enhancement, and female sex were independent risk factors for CV events in a multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for other risk factors. Conclusion: More serious symptoms and a higher risk of CV events were observed in AHCM patients with MB than in those without MB. CV mortality was similar in these 2 groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Outcomes of Myocardial Bridging versus No Myocardial Bridging in Patients with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Zhai

Fan

An³

et al. 2018

Cardiology

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“…3 In another study 46% of the patients were asymptomatic. 4 In another cohort of 105 patients, 16% complained of angina, 14% had atypical chest pain, 10% had palpitations, 6% complained of dyspnea, and 6% had pre-syncope. 5 …”

Section: Typical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Mortality and morbidity outcomes from these studies are summarized in Table 2 and Table 3. 3,4,5,16,36,37,[40][41][42][43] Most studies did not report MI unrelated to pre-existing coronary artery disease.…”

Section: Fig-4: A) Electrocardiogram Showing Characteristic Giantt Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several of the major outcome studies, atrial fibrillation was the most common, followed by stroke. 4,5 The incidence of atrial fibrillation is higher in mixed type. 8 However another report showed a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with pure variant.…”

Section: Fig-4: A) Electrocardiogram Showing Characteristic Giantt Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 The prognosis is worse in women with a higher incidence of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. 4 The prognosis of AHCM becomes very poor with the development of apical aneurysms. 38 It is not clear if myocardial infarction in the apex leads to aneurysm formation in these patients.…”

Section: Fig-4: A) Electrocardiogram Showing Characteristic Giantt Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a review of presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis and natural course of the disease

et al. 2016

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Introduction:Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is characterized by hypertrophy of the myocardium predominantly in the left ventricular (LV) apex and has now been recognized as an uncommon phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). 1 The incidence of AHCM ranges from 3% of all HCM patients in North America to up to 15% and 16% in reports from Japan and China respectively. 2,3 We review the latest evidence on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, management and natural course of AHCM.

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Medical Therapy: From Beta–Blockers to Disopyramide

Mankowitz

2014

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Risk of Death in Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Cited by 140 publications

References 31 publications

Clinical Outcomes of Myocardial Bridging versus No Myocardial Bridging in Patients with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Clinical Outcomes of Myocardial Bridging versus No Myocardial Bridging in Patients with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a review of presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis and natural course of the disease

Medical Therapy: From Beta–Blockers to Disopyramide

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