Risk of Cancer and Exposure to Gasoline Vapors

Lynge, Elsebeth; Andersen, Aage; Nilsson, Ralph; Barlow, Lotti; Pukkala, Eero; Nordlinder, Rolf; Boffetta, Paolo; Grandjean, Philippe; Heikkilä, Pirjo; Hörte, Lars Gunnar; Jakobsson, Robert; Lundberg, Inqvar; Moen, Bente E.; Partanen, Timo; Riise, Trond

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009127

Cited by 117 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…An excess risk of nasal cancer in workers exposed to benzene in gasoline vapours has been reported [78], but the present study did not suggest such associations. Increased risk of nasal cancer has also been found to be associated with exposures to employment in the nickel process industry [79].…”

Section: Cancer Of the Nose And Nasal Sinusescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

et al. 2009

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We present up to 45 years of cancer incidence data by occupational category for the Nordic populations. The study covers the 15 million people aged 30Á64 years in the 1960, 1970, 1980/1981 and/or 1990 censuses in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, and the 2.8 million incident cancer cases diagnosed in these people in a follow-up until about 2005. The study was undertaken as a cohort study with linkage of individual records based on the personal identity codes used in all the Nordic countries.In the censuses, information on occupation for each person was provided through free text in self-administered questionnaires. The data were centrally coded and computerised in the statistical offices. For the present study, the original occupational codes were reclassified into 53 occupational categories and one group of economically inactive persons.All Nordic countries have a nation-wide registration of incident cancer cases during the entire study period. For the present study the incident cancer cases were classified into 49 primary diagnostic categories. Some categories have been further divided according to sub-site or morphological type. The observed number of cancer cases in each group of persons defined by country, sex, age, period and occupation was compared with the expected number calculated from the stratum specific person years and the incidence rates for the national population. The result was presented as a standardised incidence ratio, SIR, defined as the observed number of cases divided by the expected number. For all cancers combined (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), the study showed a wide variation among men from an SIR of 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.66Á0.95) in domestic assistants to 1.48 (1.43Á1.54) in waiters. The occupations with the highest SIRs also included workers producing beverage and tobacco, seamen and chimney sweeps. Among women, the SIRs varied from 0.58 (0.37Á0.87) in seafarers to 1.27 (1.19Á1.35) in tobacco workers. Low SIRs were found for farmers, gardeners and teachers.Our study was able to repeat most of the confirmed associations between occupations and cancers. It is known that almost all mesotheliomas are associated with asbestos exposure. Accordingly, plumbers, seamen and mechanics were the occupations with the highest risk in the present study. Mesothelioma was the cancer type showing the largest relative differences between the occupations. Outdoor workers such as fishermen, gardeners and farmers had the highest risk of lip cancer, while the lowest risk was found among indoor workers such as physicians and artistic workers.Studies of nasal cancer have shown increased risks associated with exposure to wood dust, both for those in furniture making and for those exposed exclusively to soft wood like the majority of Nordic woodworkers. We observed an SIR of 1.84 (1.66Á2.04) in male and 1.88 (0.90Á3.46) in female woodworkers. For nasal adenocarcinoma, the SIR in males was as high as 5.50 (4.60Á6.56).Male waiters and tobacco workers had the highest risk of ...

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Section: Cancer Of the Nose And Nasal Sinusescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

et al. 2009

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“…Several studies yielded relative risk estimates close to 1.0 among persons exposed to diesel exhaust [170][171][172][173][174] or gasoline vapors, 29,175,176 and there is no epidemiologic evidence supporting a causal relationship between working in the petroleum industry and risk of developing NHL. Relative risks have been near unity in petroleum worker cohort studies in California, 177,178 Texas, [179][180][181] Louisiana, 182,183 US, [184][185][186] Canada 187,188 and Australia.…”

Section: Occupational and Environmental Chemical Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The non-Hodgkin lymphomas: A review of the epidemiologic literature

et al. 2007

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“…Epidemiologic evidence does not support a causal relationship between benzene exposure and multiple myeloma, as cohort and case-control studies have not indicated consistently elevated relative risks 47,[130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137] and there is no evidence of a significant exposure-response pattern. 89,138,139 Of 5 multiple myeloma deaths that occurred in the updated report of a cohort of rubber hydrochloride workers, 4 were in the lowest exposure quartile.…”

Section: Organic Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma: A review of the epidemiologic literature

et al. 2007

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Multiple myeloma, a neoplasm of plasma cells, accounts for 15% of lymphatohematopoietic cancers (LHC) and 2% of all cancers in the US. Incidence rates increase with age, particularly after age 40, and are higher in men, particularly African American men. The etiology is unknown with no established lifestyle, occupational or environmental risk factors. Although several factors have been implicated as potentially etiologic, findings are inconsistent. We reviewed epidemiologic studies that evaluated lifestyle, dietary, occupational and environmental factors; immune function, family history and genetic factors; and the hypothesized precursor, monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS). Because multiple myeloma is an uncommon disease, etiologic assessments can be difficult because of small numbers of cases in occupational cohort studies, and few subjects reporting exposure to specific agents in case-control studies. Elevated risks have been reported consistently among persons with a positive family history of LHC. A few studies have reported a relationship between obesity and multiple myeloma, and this may be a promising area of research. Factors underlying higher incidence rates of multiple myeloma in African Americans are not understood. The progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma has been reported in several studies; however, there are no established risk factors for MGUS. To improve our understanding of the causes of multiple myeloma, future research efforts should seek the causes of MGUS. More research is also needed on the genetic factors of multiple myeloma, given the strong familial clustering of the disease. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: multiple myeloma; epidemiology Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells that results in an overproduction of light and heavy chain monoclonal immunoglobulins. The specific immunoglobulin secreted by the malignant cell is the M-protein, named in reference to its monoclonal characteristics. It is found in the serum and/or urine of persons affected with multiple myeloma.

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Risk of Cancer and Exposure to Gasoline Vapors

Cited by 117 publications

References 0 publications

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries

The non-Hodgkin lymphomas: A review of the epidemiologic literature

Multiple myeloma: A review of the epidemiologic literature

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