Risk of Cancer and Cost of Surgery Outweigh Urgency and Messaging in Hypothetical Decisions to Remove Tumors

Rzeszutek, Mark J.; DeFulio, Anthony; Brown, Hayley D.

doi:10.1007/s40732-021-00489-4

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This allowed an estimation for every participant included for analysis by making fewer assumptions than those inherent in the hyperbolic model (i.e., that individuals should make virus‐related decisions hyperbolically). This is a similar calculation for volume to that used in Rzeszutek et al (2022) but using ordinal scaling in place of log scaling for the X and Y variables. Note that because ordinal scaling was used, the normalized length and width between each difference of X and Y was either .25 or .50 depending on the number of intervals in a factor.…”

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, if a participant selected 75% on the VAS, this would indicate a relative preference towards the larger option at that delay to and likelihood of the larger option. 1 These procedures are similar those used in Rzeszutek et al (2022) and examples of monetary discounting and viral decisionmaking questions can be found in Appendix B.…”

Section: Common Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperbolic modeling and assessment of hypothetical health behaviors during a viral outbreak using crowdsourced samples

Rzeszutek

DeFulio

Brown

et al. 2023

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The COVID‐19 pandemic provided an opportunity to investigate factors related to public response to public health measures, which could help better prepare implementation of similar measures for inevitable future pandemics. To understand individual and environmental factors that influence likelihood in engaging in personal and public health measures, three crowdsourced convenience samples from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed likelihood‐discounting tasks of engaging in health behaviors given a variety of hypothetical viral outbreak scenarios. Experiment 1 assessed likelihood of mask wearing for a novel virus. Experiment 2 assessed vaccination likelihood based on efficacy and cost. Experiment 3 assessed likelihood of seeking health care based on number of symptoms and cost of treatment. Volume‐based measures and three‐dimensional modeling were used to analyze hypothetical decision making. Hypothetical public and personal health participation increased as viral fatality increased and generally followed a hyperbolic function. Public health participation was moderated by political orientation and trust in science, whereas treatment‐seeking was only moderated by income. Analytic methods used in this cross‐sectional study predicted population‐level outcomes that occurred later in the pandemic and can be extended to various health behaviors.

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Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Common Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbolic modeling and assessment of hypothetical health behaviors during a viral outbreak using crowdsourced samples

Rzeszutek

DeFulio

Brown

et al. 2023

J Exper Analysis Behavior

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…This last requirement ensured that the experiments consisted of wholly unique samples. Based on Rzeszutek et al, [19] participants were required to complete a short set of percentage comprehension questions as a screener in advance of taking the surveys. An incorrect answer on any screener question resulted in exclusion from both studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay Discounting, Probability Discounting, and Interdental Cleaning Frequency

DeFulio

Rzeszutek

2022

Preprint

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Background: Interdental cleaning is recommended by dentists but many people do not floss regularly. The health benefits of interdental cleaning are delayed, and sensitivity to delay is an important factor in many health behaviors. Thus, the present studies explore the relationship between frequency of flossing, and sensitivity to delayed and probabilistic outcomes. Method: Crowd-sourced participants were recruited in two studies (n = 584 and n = 321, respectively). In both studies, participants reported their frequency of flossing and completed delay discounting and probability discounting tasks. Discounting was measured with Area Under the Curve, and linear regression was used to analyze the results. Results: Findings show that higher levels of delay discounting were associated with less frequent flossing (p < .001, both studies). In contrast, probability discounting was not significantly associated with flossing frequency (ns, both studies). Conclusion: The findings are consistent with prior studies involving other health behaviors such as attendance at primary care and medication adherence. Results suggest that interventions that reduce delay discounting may help promote regular interdental cleaning, and that delay discounting is a more robust predictor of health behaviors than probability discounting. In addition, interdental cleaning appears to be a reasonable target behavior for evaluating potentially generalizable behavioral health interventions. Thus, interventions that are successful in promoting oral health behaviors should be considered as candidates for evaluation in other health behavior domains.

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“…For example, while the absolute value of $1,000 is always $1,000, when the delay to receipt of that money increases, its subjective value decreases (e.g., the value of $1,000 dollars in a year may be subjectively equal to $500 right now). Rachlin’s trailblazing in this area has led to extensions of discounting to understand how the value of health decreases as a function of time (Friedel et al, 2016), how likelihood to engage in medical procedures decrease as function of delay and probability (Rzeszutek, DeFulio, et al, 2022), and how the value of a reward decreases as a function of effort (Malesza, 2019). Discounting of monetary outcomes has also been associated with maladaptive substance use (Amlung et al, 2017), where individuals who have a history of substance use will more rapidly devalue monetary rewards when compared to those without such history.…”

Section: Effort Discountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on demand: Conceptual and empirical benefits of applying Rachlin’s discounting equation to demand data.

Rzeszutek¹,

Franck²,

Traxler³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: Howard Rachlin wrote extensively on how value diminishes in a hyperbolic form, and he contributed to understanding choice processes between different commodities as a molar pattern of behavior. The field of behavioral economic demand has been dominated by exponential decay functions, indicating that decreases in consumption of a commodity are best fit by exponential functions. Because of the success of Rachlin’s equation at describing how hyperbolic decay affects the value of a commodity across various factors (e.g., delay, probability, social distance), we attempted to extend his equation to behavioral economic demand data for alcohol and opioids. Method: Rachlin’s discounting equation was applied to estimate consumption on alcohol purchase task data and nonhuman drug demand data. We compared results of his equation to the exponentiated demand equation using both a mixed-effects modeling approach and a two-stage approach. Results: Rachlin’s equation provided better fits to consumption data than the exponentiated equation for both mixed-effects and two-stage modeling. We also found that traditional demand metrics, such as Pmax, can be derived analytically when using Rachlin’s equation. Certain metrics derived from Rachlin’s equation appeared to be related to clinical covariates in ways similar to the exponentiated equation. Conclusions: Rachlin’s equation better described demand data than did the exponentiated equation, indicating that demand for a commodity may decrease hyperbolically rather than exponentially. Other benefits of his equation are that it does not have the same pitfalls as the current exponential equations and is relatively straightforward in its conceptualization when applied to demand data.

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Risk of Cancer and Cost of Surgery Outweigh Urgency and Messaging in Hypothetical Decisions to Remove Tumors

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Hyperbolic modeling and assessment of hypothetical health behaviors during a viral outbreak using crowdsourced samples

Hyperbolic modeling and assessment of hypothetical health behaviors during a viral outbreak using crowdsourced samples

Delay Discounting, Probability Discounting, and Interdental Cleaning Frequency

Notes on demand: Conceptual and empirical benefits of applying Rachlin’s discounting equation to demand data.

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