Risk of anaesthetic mortality in dogs and cats: an observational cohort study of 3546 cases

Bille, Camilla; Auvigne, Vincent; Libermann, Stéphane; Bomassi, Eric; Durieux, Philippe; Rattez, Elise

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00686.x

Cited by 81 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…One limitation to this report is that testicular and preputial histopathology were not performed. The dog’s kidney and liver injury classified him as the American Society of Anaesthesiologists III28 and deemed any anaesthetic procedure unsafe. Castration was recommended after recovery but was declined due to financial constraints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchitis and balanoposthitis in a dog withLeptospira interrogansserovar Canicola in Southern California

Bonaparte¹,

Page²,

Beeler

2018

Vet Record Case Reports

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Leptospirosis is a disease caused by bacteria Leptospira. It can infect multiple species of mammals, including humans, dogs, rats, mice, raccoons, skunks, opossums, cows and pigs. Once infected, mammals may present with a variety of clinical manifestations. While the classical presentation of the disease is easily recognised by experienced clinicians practising in endemic regions, atypical systemic manifestations can be missed. In this case report, we describe the atypical manifestations of orchitis and balanoposthitis in a five-year-old male intact dog from Los Angeles County, California with confirmed leptospirosis. The dog was infected with serovar Canicola, which is uncommon for this region. Awareness of these atypical manifestations would hopefully guide clinicians towards early diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchitis and balanoposthitis in a dog withLeptospira interrogansserovar Canicola in Southern California

Bonaparte¹,

Page²,

Beeler

2018

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…These animals were admitted with concomitant cardiovascular abnormalities, pain and electrolyte imbalances which may impact anesthesia [8]. Anemia was observed in some cats which may result in decreased tissue oxygen delivery owing to associated decreases in arterial oxygen content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of anesthesia for subcutaneous ureteral bypass placement in cats: 27 cases

Luca

Monteiro

Dunn

et al. 2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The goals of this retrospective clinical case series study were to describe the management of anesthesia, and to report perioperative complications in cats undergoing subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) placement due to ureteral obstruction. Medical records of client-owned cats with ureteral obstruction and anesthetized for SUB placement between 2012 and 2015 in a veterinary teaching hospital were reviewed. Twenty-seven cases were identified. Duration of anesthesia and surgery (mean ± standard deviation) were 215 ± 42 min and 148 ± 36 min, respectively. Hypothermia was the most common intraoperative complication. Hypotension, hypocapnia, hypertension and bradycardia were also frequently observed. Out of 22 cats who experienced intraoperative hypotension, 17 received inotropes and vasopressors. There was a significant decrease in creatinine (P=0.008) and total solids (P=0.007) after SUB placement when compared with baseline values. Postoperative complications included pain, anorexia, nausea, hypertension, and urinary tract-related problems. No death occurred in the postoperative period. Successful management of anesthesia for SUB placement involves rigorous anesthetic monitoring and immediate treatment of complications. Perioperative complications appear to be common. This study could not identify risk factors associated with this procedure.

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“…In contrast, anaesthetic mortality rates are frequently published in the veterinary and medical professions. In veterinary practice, one study reported a 1 in 679 mortality rate in dogs and cats undergoing anaesthesia and another study recorded 48 in 3546 mortality due to anaesthetic related complications equating to approximately 1.4% (Whelan and Flecknell, 1992, Clarke and Hall, 1990, Bille et al, 2012. Mortality rates as low as 1 in 10,000 was recorded in the medical field (Dyson et al, 1998).…”

Section: Anaesthetic Related Mortality Rates In Laboratory Rodents Armentioning

confidence: 99%

The safety, efficacy and neuromotor effects of the neurosteroid anaesthetic alfaxalone in rats

Lau¹

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Rodents are routinely anaesthetised for husbandry and biomedical research purposes. All anaesthetics carry a degree of risk, complications and side effects. An ideal anaesthetic for rodents is safe, predictable, alleviates pain and distress and can be performed without specialist training. A survey was created to identify anaesthetic agents frequently administered to rodents currently utilised by the research community. Findings indicated injectable anaesthetics were very commonly used and complications were often associated with use, highlighting the lack of a safe, predictable laboratory rodent anaesthetic protocol.Alfaxalone is a neuroactive steroid injectable anaesthetic agent with a high margin of safety, and is commonly used in veterinary anaesthesia as the Alfaxan® formulation. I sought to establish whether alfaxalone could be used as an injectable anaesthetic agent for laboratory rodents. A plasma pharmacokinetics study was performed using IV and IP Alfaxan® in adult female Wistar rats (7-10 weeks). Mean T 1/2elim for 2 and 5 mg.kg -1 IV was short (~17 minutes), but could not be estimated for IP dosing due to sustained plasma levels for up to 60 minutes after injection. Cl p for IV injection was calculated at 24.5% and 23% of cardiac output respectively. The observed C max was 2.99 mg.L -1 for IP administration, and 2.2 ± 0.9 and 5.2 ± 1.3 mg.L -1 for 2 and 5 mg.kg -1 IV administration respectively. AUC 0-60 was 96 min.mg.L -1 for IP dosing. The relative bioavailability for IP dosing was 26% and 28%, compared to IV doses of 2 and 5mg.kg -1 respectively. Alfaxalone given IP caused longer sleep times than IV dosing, although anaesthesia was not induced in 30% of rats.Importantly, all rats exhibited muscle twitching after alfaxalone administration. I then sought to test whether combining IP injection of Alfaxalone with common premedication agents could improve anaesthetic induction rates and reduce muscle twitching, to provide a viable anaesthetic regimen for rats. Medetomidine (0.5 mg.kg -1 ), medetomidine-butorphanol (0.35 mg.kg -1 -0.2 mg.kg -1 ), Acetylpromazine (ACP) -methadone (3 mg.kg -1 -0.7 mg.kg -1 ) and ACP-xylazine (3 mg.kg -1 -3 mg.kg -1 )were administered IP 10 minutes prior to IP alfaxalone (20 mg.kg -1 ). ACP-xylazine, medetomidine and medetomidine-butorphanol all significantly reduced twitching. Medetomidine-butorphanol provided surgical anaesthesia without prolonged recovery and provided an adequate plane of anaesthesia for short painful surgical procedures.However, none of these premedication agents fully eliminated alfaxalone-induced muscle twitching. I therefore carried out electrophysiological studies of motor neurons (MN), to determine the mechanism causing neuromotor excitation in response to alfaxalone. Previous data has shown that alfaxalone can modulate strychnine-sensitive glycinergic receptors, which may, in part, contribute to the adverse neuromotor excitatory responses manifested as muscle twitching during alfaxalone anaesthesia. The 3 effects of alfaxalone on inhibito...

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Risk of anaesthetic mortality in dogs and cats: an observational cohort study of 3546 cases

Cited by 81 publications

References 24 publications

Orchitis and balanoposthitis in a dog withLeptospira interrogansserovar Canicola in Southern California

Orchitis and balanoposthitis in a dog withLeptospira interrogansserovar Canicola in Southern California

A retrospective study of anesthesia for subcutaneous ureteral bypass placement in cats: 27 cases

The safety, efficacy and neuromotor effects of the neurosteroid anaesthetic alfaxalone in rats

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