Risk Minimization when Perforating with Automatic Gun Release Systems

Baumann, Carlos Erik; Dutertre, Antoine; Khaira, Kuljit; Williams, Harvey; Mohamed, Hassan N. H.

doi:10.2118/156967-ms

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Fundamentals of the simulation technique are described in Baumann et al (1999aBaumann et al ( , 1999bBaumann et al ( , 2000. Application examples of the DUPS can be found in Baumann et al (2010Baumann et al ( , 2011aBaumann et al ( , 2011bBaumann et al ( , 2012aBaumann et al ( , 2012bBaumann et al ( , 2012cBaumann et al ( , 2012dBaumann et al ( , 2013aBaumann et al ( , 2013b This perforating job was done with a 20-ft-long 2.5-in. DUB gun 1 loaded with deep-penetrating 12-gram HMX charges 2 to perforate the 10-ft thick reservoir zone.…”

Section: Prediction Of Dynamic Underbalance and Gunshock Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perforating on Wireline: Maximizing Productivity and Minimizing Gunshock

et al. 2015

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We present perforating on wireline with dynamic underbalance (DUB) to simultaneously maximize productivity and minimize gunshock. We focus on perforating on wireline with DUB because, when compared with other approaches, perforating with DUB is probably the best method to deliver lower tunnel plugging and lower formation rock damage, with lower risk of tool damage due to gunshock or guns blown uphole. Specifically, we present two important aspects of perforating on wireline using DUB: prediction of wellbore dynamics to assess perforation tunnel and formation cleanup and gunshock prediction to assess the risk of tool damage. We present the latest models used to evaluate perforating jobs for well productivity and for operational risks.It is well known that the DUB produced when perforating with the right gun system can remove formation rock damage and tunnel plugging produced by shape charges. What is not so well known is how much DUB (amplitude and duration) is necessary, and how to predict how much DUB will be generated by a gun system. To achieve formation tunnel cleanup, we need a DUB of large amplitude but short duration to remove perforating rock damage and plugging while minimizing gunshock loads. In the pre-job design, we simulate/predict the transient fluid pressure waves in the wellbore and formation rock to predict formation rock damage cleanup and also the associated gunshock loads. DUB amplitude and duration depend on job parameters that can be adjusted, such as type and size of guns, loading of standard perforating charges and DUB charges, and placement of packers, if present. Important physics included in the model are: gun filling, wellbore pressure waves, transient reservoir fluid flow, and the dynamics of all relevant solid components (cable, shock absorbers, tools, and guns).The reliability of the DUB prediction model is demonstrated by comparing downhole fast-gauge pressure data with the corresponding simulated values. When the reservoir properties are well known, the predicted DUB amplitude and duration are very close to the field data values, typically within 15% or less. The reliability of the gunshock loads is demonstrated with residual shock absorber deformation and cable tension logs. We also demonstrate how gunshock simulations have been useful to explain equipment failures due to gunshock loads.Reliable predictions of wellbore dynamics, transient reservoir flow, and gunshock loads enable operators to select perforating equipment capable of removing perforating formation damage and reduce the risk of unexpected release of tools and guns due to dynamic loads, thereby minimizing the probability of nonproductive time and fishing operations.

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Section: Prediction Of Dynamic Underbalance and Gunshock Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perforating on Wireline: Maximizing Productivity and Minimizing Gunshock

et al. 2015

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Study on tubing string safety during perforation detonation in ultra-deep wells

Guo

2024

Geosystem Engineering

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Perforating Gunshock Loads - Prediction and Mitigation

Baumann

Lazaro

Valdivia

et al. 2013

SPE/IADC Drilling Conference

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Perforating wells calls for careful planning to maximize well productivity over the life of the well, and to prevent time and money losses due to unexpected side effects. A large class of wells and in particular high-pressure wells are susceptible to gunshock damage when they are perforated with inappropriate gun systems. This paper presents applications of a simulation methodology to predict gunshock loads for tubing-conveyed and wireline-conveyed perforating jobs. With this simulation methodology we can evaluate the sensitivity of gunshock loads to changes in gun type, charge type, shot density, cable size, tubing size and length, number of shock absorbers, rathole length, placement and setting of packers, and early reservoir response, among many others.When planning perforating jobs, engineers strive to minimize the risk of equipment damage due to gunshock loads. With the simulation software presented in this paper, engineers can identify perforating jobs with significant risk of gunshock related damage, such as unintentional pull-offs, bent tubing and unset packers. When predicted gunshock loads are large, changes to the perforating equipment or job execution parameters are made to reduce gunshock loads to an acceptable level.Fast gauge pressure data from perforating jobs shows that wellbore pressure transients can be accurately predicted. For well prepared simulation models, typical peak sustained pressure amplitudes at the gauges are on average within 10% of simulated values. In jobs where shock absorbers were used, residual deformations of crushable elements correlate well with predicted peak axial loads; which confirms that gunshock loads on the equipment are well predicted.With the simulation methodology described in this paper engineers can evaluate perforating job designs in a short time, and they can optimize perforating jobs by reducing gunshock loads and equipment costs. The ability to predict and mitigate gunshock damage in perforating operations is very important because of the high cost of typical high-pressure wells.

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Risk Minimization when Perforating with Automatic Gun Release Systems

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Perforating on Wireline: Maximizing Productivity and Minimizing Gunshock

Perforating on Wireline: Maximizing Productivity and Minimizing Gunshock

Study on tubing string safety during perforation detonation in ultra-deep wells

Perforating Gunshock Loads - Prediction and Mitigation

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