“…De Bakker et al (2011Bakker et al ( , 2012 argue that individual risk management activities generate communicative effects which contribute to the effectiveness of instrumental actions and thus to projectsuccess.Thiscommunicativeeffect,notconsideredbythepositivisttradition,isasignificant componentofthepost-positivistview,andcreatesthecontextwhichinfluencesthesetting,itselfan integralcomponentofactivitythatcannotbeignored.Thisstudytakesthepost-positivistviewofthe worldasopentointerpretationinlinewiththeobservationsofKrane, Olsson,andRolstadås(2012) regardingdifferentperspectivesofriskheldbyprojectteamsandprojectowners.Theunderstanding ofriskintheautomotiveprojectenvironmentcanbeenhancedbytheprojectstakeholders'subjective The projects which serve as context for the case study are the implementation of SAP -a mainstreamEnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP)system-inseveralmanufacturingfacilitiesinEurope, andthelaunchpreparationforserialproductionofnewdriverassistancesystemsforinternational carmakers.Theunitofanalysisistheentireorganisation.FollowingYin's(2012)distinctionsof designsforcasestudies,theonechoseninthisresearchisholisticasopposedtoembedded,inwhich morethanoneunitoftheorganisationaretheunitsofanalysis (Saunders,Lewis,&Thornhill,2009 …”