Risk indicators of long‐term outcome of implant therapy in patients with a history of severe periodontitis or no history of periodontitis: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Objective The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess factors associated with peri‐implant disease in partially edentulous patients with a history of severe periodontitis or no history of periodontitis. Methods Partially edentulous patients with a history of severe periodontitis/without history of periodontitis who received implant surgery within the past 6 to 8 years were recalled. Clinical and radiographic examinations were recorded. Periodontal probing depth, marginal bone loss (MBL) and peri‐implantitis were considered as the primary outcome and peri‐implant bleeding on probing (BOP) was considered as the secondary outcome. The following criteria were considered as the predictors, as well: history of severe periodontitis, gender, age, smoking, brushing frequency, recall interval, full‐mouth plaque score, full‐mouth bleeding score, splinted prosthesis, open/tight interproximal contact, width of keratinized mucosa, mucosal thickness, implants placed in the grafted bone and implant type. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were utilized. Results A total of 88 patients (186 implants) fulfilled the study. Forty‐seven patients (108 implants) had a history of severe periodontitis and 41 patients (78 implants) had no history of periodontitis. There was a higher chance of peri‐implantitis in patients with a history of severe periodontitis (OR = 11.13; p = 0.045), implants with lack of peri‐implant KM (<2 mm) and implants placed in the grafted bone (OR = 14.94, p < 0.001; OR = 4.93, p = 0.047). The risk of peri‐implant MBL ≥3 mm was higher in patients with greater FMBS (OR = 1.20; p < 0.001). The chance of peri‐implant BOP was independently higher in patients who brushed their teeth at most once per day (OR = 3.20; p = 0.04), higher FMBS (OR = 1.16; p < 0.001) and irregular recall visits (OR = 15.34; p = 0.001). Conclusions Partially edentulous patients with the history of severe periodontitis, lack of peri‐implant KM and implants placed in bone‐grafted sites expressed higher probability of peri‐implantitis. In addition, inadequate frequency of brushing (at most once daily) and irregular recall visits were associated with greater chance of peri‐implant BOP.

Prevention and treatment of peri‐implant diseases—The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline

“…One study found a significant difference in favour of a counter‐rotational powered toothbrush in terms of peri‐implant mucosal inflammation and implant survival compared with manual toothbrushing (Truhlar et al, 2000). One case–control study indicated that the frequency of tooth brushing (at least twice a day vs. at most once a day) had no impact on peri‐implant PD, MBL and BOP (Alhakeem et al, 2023).…”

Primordial and primary prevention of peri‐implant diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…The other RCT, comparing sonic versus manual toothbrush over a 1‐year trial, concluded that both toothbrushes maintain peri‐implant tissue health over time (Swierkot et al, 2013). Finally, the case–control study indicated that the frequency of tooth brushing (at least twice a day vs. at most once a day) had no impact on peri‐implant PPD, MBL, and BOP (Alhakeem et al, 2022).…”

“…Two articles reported different outcomes on the same study population (M. Roccuzzo et al, 2010, 2012), and another two articles reported outcomes of the same study population at different follow‐up intervals, at 10 (M. Roccuzzo et al, 2014) and 20 years (A. Roccuzzo et al, 2022). Twelve studies compared patients regularly attending the recommended SPC versus not attending or attending SPC visits irregularly (Aguirre‐Zorzano et al, 2013; Alhakeem et al, 2022; Ferreira et al, 2006; Frisch et al, 2020; Hu et al, 2020; Monje et al, 2017; Rinke et al, 2011; A. Roccuzzo et al, 2022; M. Roccuzzo et al, 2010, 2012, 2014; Roman‐Torres et al, 2019); one RCT compared four different SPC protocols over a 1‐year study period (Ziebolz et al, 2017), and one study compared patients with or without deep residual periodontal pockets during the SPC (Cho‐Yan Lee et al, 2012).…”

“…Three studies were selected (Alhakeem et al, 2022; Swierkot et al, 2013; Truhlar et al, 2000), including two RCTs and one case–control study (Table 5). No meta‐analysis was possible.…”

Prevalence of peri‐implantitis after alveolar ridge preservation at periodontitis and nonperiodontitis extraction sites: A retrospective cohort study

“…13 A comparable study also reported that patients who have a history of severe periodontitis, insufficient peri-implant keratinized mucosa, and implants placed in bone-grafted areas are more likely to develop PI. 14 Despite the connection between a history of periodontitis and PI, little is known about preventing PI in patients with such a history.…”