Risk identification in food safety: Strategy and outcomes of the EFSA emerging risks exchange network (EREN), 2010–2014

Review Informing the Design of 3D Food Printing for People with Swallowing Disorders: Constructive, Conceptual, and Empirical Problems

“…Considering the multi-dimensional nature of food and mealtimes, and the food problems that 3D food printing might help to address, the disciplines to be drawn in to 3D food printing research need to expand beyond engineering to include: (i) food science, food design, and food technology; (iii) speech pathology, (iv) dietetics and nutrition, and (v) occupational therapy. Team members with legal expertise would also be useful in relation to both patenting and product safety, considering the innovation aspect of 3D food printing, and the lack of research on safety and risks in relation to 3D printed foods, as outlined by Costa et al (2017).…”

“…It is also important to note that there are as yet no rigorous examinations of food safety in relation to 3D food printing [46]. Costa et al (2017) [47] outlined food safety as a priority area in relation to 3D food printing, and proposed an incomplete list of potential hazards and subsequent risks as including: (a) formation of heat-generated compounds that could be hazardous to health, such as acrylamide and furans; (b) microbiological risks (shelf life, cartridge contamination, edible paper debris, improper cleaning); (c) physical risks (printer fragments breaking off); (d) variability and stability of ingredients (composition, shelf life, nutritional value, demixing); (e) recipe design (incompatible combination of ingredients); (f) food fraud through the marketing of sub-standard raw materials in cartridges; (g) change of eating habits; (h) ingredients not previously assessed could be available on a market that would be difficult to control; and (i) home print (wherever, whoever, whatever). (p. 262).…”

Project DEMETER: Concept Note for an Emerging Risks Knowledge Exchange Platform (ERKEP) Framework

“…The 'multifaceted emerging risks identification system' being operated by EFSA has been described by EFSA (2012) and subsequently by EFSA (2014), EFSA (2015), EFSA (2016), Costa et al (2016), EFSA (2017). During various meetings and interviews held with EFSA and EREN members, it has become clear the need to develop a graphic representation that represent the reality of the system in place.…”

“…climate change), that could result in emerging risks." (Costa et al, 2016) Emerging Risk Knowledge Exchange Platform (ERKEP) A technical resource based on KNIME Server infrastructure hosted at BfR supporting the exchange of data analytics workflows for emerging risk identification.…”

Early warning systems for food safety and integrity need to be anticipative to be useful for preventing food crisis situations

“…Characteristic features of such pro-active early warning systems are horizon scanning, data gathering, intelligence assessment, networking with stakeholders and statistical modelling for identifying and/or predicting emerging risks. Such systems have been developed as part of research programmes funded by the European Commission (Marvin and Kleter 2009;Bouzembrak and Marvin 2016), the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) (Rortais et al 2010), the European Food Safety Authority (Costa et al 2016), or at national level (Müller et al 2016).…”