Risk frames on shark diving websites: implications for global shark conservation

Gore, Meredith L.; Muter, Bret A.; Lapinski, Maria Knight; Neuberger, Lindsay; Heide, Brandon Van Der

doi:10.1002/aqc.1171

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Given these recent findings, one may question whether newspaper articles accurately reflect society's values toward sharks and shark conservation. Assessment of human attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to sharks would provide some much‐needed insight into media effects on public attitudes toward sharks and their conservation (Gore et al ; Simpfendorfer et al ). Furthermore, continued monitoring of shark‐related newspaper articles may signal changes in attitude and belief patterns (Houston et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the content and context of news media coverage about sharks, needed to empirically assess this claim, has been neither adequately described nor quantified. Researchers have investigated the portrayal of sharks in documentaries (Ferguson ), shark‐diving websites (Gore et al ), and diving magazines (Whatmough et al ). Boissonneault et al () assessed how the portrayal of gray nurse sharks in Australian newspapers changed from 1969 to 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Australian and U.S. News Media Portrayal of Sharks and Their Conservation

Muter

Gore

Gledhill

et al. 2012

Conservation Biology

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168

133

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Investigation of the social framing of human-shark interactions may provide useful strategies for integrating social, biological, and ecological knowledge into national and international policy discussions about shark conservation. One way to investigate social opinion and forces related to sharks and their conservation is through the media's coverage of sharks. We conducted a content analysis of 300 shark-related articles published in 20 major Australian and U.S. newspapers from 2000 to 2010. Shark attacks were the emphasis of over half the articles analyzed, and shark conservation was the primary topic of 11% of articles. Significantly more Australian articles than U.S. articles treated shark attacks (χ(2) = 3.862; Australian 58% vs. U.S. 47%) and shark conservation issues (χ(2) = 6.856; Australian 15% vs. U.S. 11%) as the primary article topic and used politicians as the primary risk messenger (i.e., primary person or authority sourced in the article) (χ(2) = 7.493; Australian 8% vs. U.S. 1%). However, significantly more U.S. articles than Australian articles discussed sharks as entertainment (e.g., subjects in movies, books, and television; χ(2) = 15.130; U.S. 6% vs. Australian 1%) and used scientists as the primary risk messenger (χ(2) = 5.333; U.S. 25% vs. Australian 15%). Despite evidence that many shark species are at risk of extinction, we found that most media coverage emphasized the risks sharks pose to people. To the extent that media reflects social opinion, our results highlight problems for shark conservation. We suggest that conservation professionals purposefully and frequently engage with the media to highlight the rarity of shark attacks, discuss preventative measures water users can take to reduce their vulnerability to shark encounters, and discuss conservation issues related to local and threatened species of sharks. When integrated with biological and ecological data, social-science data may help generate a more comprehensive perspective and inform conservation practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Australian and U.S. News Media Portrayal of Sharks and Their Conservation

Muter

Gore

Gledhill

et al. 2012

Conservation Biology

Self Cite

168

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examples of local media stories trying to capture both the public and governments' attention also suggest that the media might be a contributor to the political process in the country: Information on how the media frames conservation issues can also assist communication and outreach efforts by providing insights about social dimensions of conservation and messages being delivered (Gore et al, 2011;Muter et al, 2013). We found that articles where conflict was the lead frame of the story generally did not include conservation as a secondary attribute.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 90%

Media framing of the Cayman Turtle Farm: Implications for conservation conflicts

Walker

Godley

Nuño

2019

Journal for Nature Conservation

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Conflicts over natural resource use and management often arise where groups have different goals or priorities. The media can play an important dual role in these conflicts; article content might offer insights about public opinion, whilst media may shape debates and how issues are perceived by the public and decision-makers. Wildlife farming is a contentious conservation tool attracting the attention of worldwide media, and associated conflicts among different interest groups may undermine its applicability. We investigated the media's portrayal of the Cayman Turtle Farm (CTF), a facility in the Cayman Islands which breeds green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) for human consumption, to investigate how the media presents information about wildlife farming (i.e. framing), consider its potential roles influencing conflicts and explore how it can be used for conservation conflict management. Content analysis was used to compare framing, article valence, and stakeholder representation in 634 newspaper articles from the international and local media. These media stories were framed in terms of: tourism, conflict, conservation, culture/community, management, and utilisation. International articles most often described CTF as a tourism facility. However, during a media campaign by an international animal welfare group, CTF was also often depicted as a source of controversy. Trade in turtle products was mostly debated in older articles. Local media mainly had a financial focus. Conflict framing was associated with a negative article valence, and conflict framed articles were significantly more likely to contain no conservation information. Mentions of environmental interest groups were significantly associated with negative articles, whereas academics were significantly more likely to be mentioned in positive articles. Conservationists must consider stakeholder objectives from the outset of interventions and be aware of the multiple roles the media might play. Media analysis and effectively harnessing the potential of media outlets should be considered as tools for managing conservation conflicts.

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“…This study reports on a content analysis of a sample of risk communication materials (e.g., brochures, handouts, websites) containing agency‐based information about TB and available to the public in Michigan and Minnesota during April 2010. Content analysis is a rigorous and systematic procedure for assessing the content of documented information (Riffe et al 1998, Wimmer and Dominick 2003) and is frequently used to assess and evaluate risk framing and messaging in both conservation (e.g., Siemer et al 2007, Muter et al 2009, Houston et al 2010, Gore et al 2011) and health communication (e.g., Lapinski 2006) contexts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating bovine tuberculosis risk communication materials in Michigan and Minnesota for severity, susceptibility, and efficacy messages

Muter

Gore

Riley

et al. 2013

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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Communication programs are a tool available to wildlife managers for managing risks associated with wildlife diseases such as bovine tuberculosis (TB). Evaluating these communication efforts is vital for successful disease management planning; yet, systematic evaluations of wildlife disease-related communication programs are lacking. To this end, we analyzed the content of 41 print and electronic TB risk communication materials (e.g., brochures, handouts, websites) available to stakeholders in Michigan and Minnesota, USA, during April 2010 to 1) describe and compare the materials; 2) make data-based recommendations to improve existing messages; and 3) highlight the ability of the extended parallel process model (EPPM), a well-known health communication theory, to serve as a framework for evaluation of wildlife disease issues. All message components central to the EPPM were identified in our sample of TB risk communication materials. More than 80% of materials promoted 1 behaviors believed to reduce the risks of TB transmission among and between wildlife and livestock in Michigan and Minnesota. Messages conveying severity and susceptibility of TB-related risks were present in 73% and 56% of the materials, respectively; whereas, efficacy messages promoting the ease and effectiveness of recommended behaviors were far less prevalent. Results provide insights for future TB and wildlife disease-related risk communication efforts (e.g., design messages that enhance stakeholder perceptions of efficacy) and demonstrate the utility of the EPPM as a framework to evaluate risk communication materials and messages for wildlife disease-related stakeholders. ß 2013 The Wildlife Society KEY WORDS extended parallel process model, Odocoileus virginianus, persuasion, risk messaging, white-tailed deer, wildlife disease.

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Risk frames on shark diving websites: implications for global shark conservation

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Australian and U.S. News Media Portrayal of Sharks and Their Conservation

Australian and U.S. News Media Portrayal of Sharks and Their Conservation

Media framing of the Cayman Turtle Farm: Implications for conservation conflicts

Evaluating bovine tuberculosis risk communication materials in Michigan and Minnesota for severity, susceptibility, and efficacy messages

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