Risk for New Onset of Depression During the Menopausal Transition

Cohen, Lee S.; Soares, Cláudio N.; Vitonis, Allison F.; Otto, Michael W.; Harlow, Bernard L.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.385

Cited by 669 publications

(496 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The results that women with low CES-D at baseline may be particularly affected by the change in status are consistent with findings from two recent studies of women with low depressive symptoms at baseline (Freeman et al, 2006;Cohen et al, 2006). The current study has extended their findings by including five different ethnic groups and adjusting for the multiple relevant risk factors for depression, such as stressful events and inadequate social support, and examining the influence of the postmenopause on risk for high depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

Bromberger

Matthews

Schott

et al. 2007

Journal of Affective Disorders

371

263

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

Bromberger

Matthews

Schott

et al. 2007

Journal of Affective Disorders

371

263

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“…9,10 Studies of women in the MT have shown that sleep disruption is a major contributor to decreased quality of life 6 and are an important reason women seek care for menopausal symptoms. 11,12 Large cohort studies, including SWAN, The Penn Ovarian Aging Study, and the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles, have reported an increased risk for depressed mood in women going through the MT, [13][14][15] although the mechanism underlying this association is unclear. For both women and men, sexual activity decreases as a function of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Depressed Mood, Disturbed Sleep, and Sexual Problems in Midlife Women: Cross-Sectional Data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Prairie

Wisniewski

Luther

et al. 2015

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Women report many nonvasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition, including sleep disturbances, depressed mood, and sexual problems. The co-occurrence of these three symptoms may represent a specific menopausal symptom triad. We sought to evaluate the interrelatedness of disturbed sleep, depressed mood, and sexual problems in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) and determine the characteristics of women exhibiting this symptom triad. Methods: SWAN is a multisite, multiethnic observational cohort study of the menopausal transition in the United States. Sleep disturbance, sexual problems, and depressed mood were determined based on self-report. Women who reported all three symptoms simultaneously were compared to those who did not. Logistic regression models estimated the association of demographic, psychosocial, and clinical characteristics with the symptom triad. Results: Study participants (n = 1716) were 49.8 years old on average and primarily in very good or excellent health. Sixteen and a half percent had depressed mood, 36.6% had a sleep problem, and 42.2% had any sexual problem. Five percent of women (n = 90) experienced all three symptoms. Women with the symptom triad compared with those without had lower household incomes, less education, were surgically postmenopausal or late perimenopausal, rated their general health as fair or poor, and had more stressful life events and lower social support. Conclusions: The symptom triad of sleep disturbance, depressed mood, and sexual problems occurred in only 5% of women, and occurred most often among women with lower socioeconomic status, greater psychosocial distress, and who were surgically menopausal or in the late perimenopause.

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“…Increased vulnerability for depression in women appears to begin with puberty and declines after the menopause (Soares et al, 2003a;Steiner et al, 2003). While there has been controversy as to whether the risk of depression increases during the perimenopause, recent carefully controlled studies have suggested that the perimenopause is associated with increased vulnerability for both depressive symptoms and a diagnosis of new onset depression (Cohen et al, 2006;Freeman et al, 2006) even among women with no prior history of affective disorders. While the reasons for the increased female vulnerability to mood disorders remain to be fully understood, the strongest candidate remains the influence of cycling levels of gonadal steroids on neurotransmitter systems and mood regulatory systems (Steiner et al, 2003), perhaps interacting with genetic vulnerability and life stress (Caspi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen Administration Negatively Alters Mood Following Monoaminergic Depletion and Psychosocial Stress in Postmenopausal Women

Newhouse

Dumas

Hancur-Bucci

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Differences in the rates of affective disorders between women and men may relate to gender differences in gonadal steroid levels such as estrogen that have effects on brain monoamines important to mood regulation. Changes in estrogen secretion patterns during the perimenopause and menopause may be relevant to the increased risk for affective symptoms at that time. This study examined whether 17b-estradiol (E2) administration can modify the mood effects of experimental psychosocial stress following acute monoamine depletion in postmenopausal women. Subjects consisted of 15 normal postmenopausal women (PMW) (ages 67.1711.2 years) blindly placed on either oral placebo or E2 (1 mg/day for 1 month, then 2 mg/day for 2 months). At the end of the 3-month treatment phase, subjects participated in three blinded depletion challenges in which they ingested each of three amino-acid mixtures: deficient in tryptophan, deficient in phenylalanine/tyrosine, or nutritionally balanced. After 5 h, subjects performed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), followed by mood and anxiety ratings. E2-treated subjects exhibited a significant increase in negative mood and anxiety after the TSST compared to placebo-treated women. These effects were independent of monoamine depletion and were not manifest before the TSST or at baseline. Exogenous estrogen administration in PMW may alter or modulate emotional reactivity to stressful events and may alter the sensitivity of emotional regulation. This modulation appears to be independent of alterations in monoaminergic neurotransmission. The dose of estrogen used after menopause may be important in determining the effects of gonadal steroids on emotional regulation.

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Risk for New Onset of Depression During the Menopausal Transition

Cited by 669 publications

References 60 publications

Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

Symptoms of Depressed Mood, Disturbed Sleep, and Sexual Problems in Midlife Women: Cross-Sectional Data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Estrogen Administration Negatively Alters Mood Following Monoaminergic Depletion and Psychosocial Stress in Postmenopausal Women

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