Risk for ASD in Preterm Infants: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

Harel‐Gadassi, Ayelet; Friedlander, Edwa; Yaari, Maya; Bar‐Oz, Benjamin; Eventov‐Friedman, Smadar; Mankuta, David; Yirmiya, Nurit

doi:10.1155/2018/8316212

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The inconsistency of findings regarding child development after preterm birth in the current study with previous literature may be attributed to the young age of the children in this sample (22–34 months) as compared to previous studies that had included children between 3 and 18 years of age ( 62 , 65 , 66 ). As previous research has not yet included children within toddler age with a diagnosis of autism, it is possible that differences in development may not become apparent until the child reaches an older age.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…In the current study using a sample of 2-year-old children, these differences were not identified. Similar results were found for children born preterm who were identified at “high likelihood” for an autism diagnosis using screening tools ( 28 , 65 ). Further, previous findings using typically developing samples have suggested that children born preterm have substantially delayed development when compared to children born full-term ( 20 , 84 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…As previous research has not yet included children within toddler age with a diagnosis of autism, it is possible that differences in development may not become apparent until the child reaches an older age. While differences were found for young children who had screened at “high likelihood” without a diagnosis of autism in previous studies ( 28 , 65 ), comparing them to children with a diagnosis of autism may be problematic due to the high rates of false positives when using autism screening tools in preterm groups ( 56 , 85 ). Extrapolating development of children who have screened at “high likelihood” for autism to children with a diagnosis of autism may be misleading due to the other potential explanations for a child born preterm being identified at “high likelihood” without a full developmental assessment, as was conducted in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several studies have compared preterm and full-term groups that were identified at “high likelihood” for autism using autism screening measures. These studies found that children born preterm had lower overall development scores across cognitive, language, and motor developmental profiles than their term-born peers, with medium to large effect sizes ( 64 , 65 ). When considering older children and adolescents on the spectrum, those born preterm are more likely to be non-verbal compared to those born full-term indicating that differences in cognitive development can be identified by 3 years of age ( 62 , 66 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample

Luu¹,

Jellett²,

Yaari³

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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Introduction: Previous research suggests children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD or “autism”) born extremely and very preterm face substantially delayed development than their peers born full-term. Further, children born preterm are proposed to show a unique behavioral phenotype, which may overlap with characteristics of autism, making it difficult to disentangle their clinical presentation. To clarify the presentation of autism in children born preterm, this study examined differences in key indicators of child development (expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual reception) and characteristics of autism (social affect and repetitive, restricted behaviors).Materials and Methods: One fifty-eight children (136 full-term, twenty-two preterm) diagnosed with autism, aged 22–34 months, were identified prospectively using the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance tools during community-based, developmental surveillance checks in the second year of life. Those identified at “high likelihood” of an autism diagnosis were administered the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule.Results: The children born preterm and full-term did not differ significantly in their fine motor, visual reception, expressive language, or receptive language skills. No significant differences in social affect and repetitive and restrictive behavior traits were found.Discussion: The findings of this study differs from previous research where children diagnosed with autism born very or extremely preterm were developmentally delayed and had greater autistic traits than their term-born peers. These null findings may relate to the large proportion of children born moderate to late preterm in this sample. This study was unique in its use of a community-based, prospectively identified sample of children diagnosed with autism at an early age. It may be that children in these groups differ from clinic- and hospital-based samples, that potential differences emerge later in development, or that within the autism spectrum, children born preterm and full-term develop similarly. It was concluded that within the current sample, at 2 years of age, children diagnosed with autism born preterm are similar to their peers born full-term. Thus, when clinicians identify characteristics of autism in children born preterm, it is important to refer the child for a diagnostic assessment for autism.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample

Luu¹,

Jellett²,

Yaari³

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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“…Preterm children are at particular risk of presenting a broad range of developmental di culties, such as language delay, communication and social disturbances, as well as ASD (2)(3)(4). Both children with ASD and preterm children are more likely to exhibit internalizing and externalizing di culties early in life (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for a randomized pilot study (FIRST STEPS): implementation of the Incredible Years-ASLD® program in Spanish children with Autism and preterm children with communication and/or socialization difficulties

Valencia

Urbiola

Romero-González

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Having access to parenting interventions in the early years is key to improve developmental outcomes of children with neurodevelopmental problems. The Incredible Years® (IY) Parent Program is a group intervention that has demonstrated efficacy in terms of reducing stress in parents, as well as improving behavioral, emotional and social outcomes in children. The program has been recently adapted for families of children with autism or language delays (IY-ASLD®). This intervention has not yet been implemented in the Spanish Public Health System, where there is a scarcity of evidence-based interventions being offered to families with young children presenting neurodevelopmental problems. The main aims of this study are to determine the feasibility of implementing the IY-ASLD® program within Spanish Child Mental Health Services, as well as to examine parents’ acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. As a secondary objective, we aim to evaluate its preliminary effectiveness in terms of reducing parental stress and behavioral difficulties in their children. The FIRST STEPS study is a multicenter, pilot randomized controlled trial comparing the IY-ASLD® program with a treatment-as-usual (TAU) condition. Approximately 70 families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and preterm children with communication and/or socialization difficulties (aged 2–5 years) will be recruited. Families will be assessed prior to randomization and after the intervention.The FIRST STEPS pilot trial will demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of reliably implementing the IY-ASLD® program within the Spanish Public Health System. The results of this study could represent a first step to inform policy makers in Spain when designing evidence-based healthcare pathways for families of children presenting ASD symptoms or neurodevelopmental difficulties at early stages.

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Analysis of Factors Associated With Body Mass Index at Ages 18 and 36 Months Among Infants Born Extremely Preterm

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCEThe development of neonatology has been associated with improved survival among infants born extremely preterm, and understanding their long-term outcomes is becoming increasingly important. However, there is little information on body mass index (BMI) among these children.OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with BMI at ages 18 months and 36 months among infants born extremely preterm. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis retrospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted using data from the Neonatal Research Network Japan database for 8838 infants born at gestational ages 23 to 28 weeks with data on BMI at 18 months and 36 months. Data were analyzed from April 2018 through June 2021. EXPOSURES BMI and BMI z score at ages 18 months and 36 months were regressed with gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) status, and complications during pregnancy and the neonatal period separately by presence of multiple pregnancy and sex. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES BMI and BMI z score at ages 18 months and 36 months. RESULTS Among 16 791 eligible infants born extremely preterm, 8838 infants were included in the analysis. There were 7089 infants born from single pregnancies (mean [SD] gestational age, 26.0 [1.6] weeks; 3769 [53.2%] boys; mean [SD] birth weight, 847 [228] g) and 1749 infants born from multiple pregnancies (mean [SD] gestational age, 26.3 [1.5] weeks; 903 [51.6%] boys; mean [SD]birth weight, 860 [217] g). In single pregnancies, every week of increased gestational age was associated with an increase in BMI of 0.21 (95% CI, 0.17-0.25) among boys and 0.20 (95% CI, 0.15-0.25) among girls at age 18 months and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.18-0.24) among boys and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.18-0.24) among girls at age 36 months. There was an interaction association between gestational age and IUGR among boys at age 36 months, with a decrease in the change associated with gestational age of 0.12 (95% CI, 0.05-0.19). Every week of increased gestational age in single pregnancies was associated with an increase in BMI z score of 0.14 (95% CI, 0.17-0.21) among boys and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.13-0.21) among girls at age 18 months and 0.19 (95% CI, 0.16-0.22) among boys and 0.17 (95% CI, 0.15-0.20) among girls at age 36 months. Among single pregnancies, IUGR was associated with a decrease in BMI among boys (0.59 [95% CI, 0.23-0.95]) and girls (0.75 [95% CI,]) and BMI z score among boys 0.85 [95% CI, 0.25-0.95)] and girls (0.67 [95% CI, 0.36-0.97] at age 18 months and BMI among boys (0.44 [95% CI, 0.17-0.18]) and girls (0.84 [95% CI, 0.55-1.12]) and BMI z score among boys (0.46 [95% CI, 0.21-0.71]) and girls (0.77 [95% CI, 0.53-1.01]) at age 36 months. In multiple pregnancies, IUGR was associated with a decrease in BMI z score at age 36 months among boys (0.26 [95% CI, 0.42-0.89]) and girls (0.29 [95% CI, 0.22-0.79]). In single pregnancies (continued) Key Points Question What factors are associated with body mass index (BMI) in the first 36 months of life among infants born at gestational age less than 28 weeks? Findings In t...

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Risk for ASD in Preterm Infants: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample

A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample

Protocol for a randomized pilot study (FIRST STEPS): implementation of the Incredible Years-ASLD® program in Spanish children with Autism and preterm children with communication and/or socialization difficulties

Analysis of Factors Associated With Body Mass Index at Ages 18 and 36 Months Among Infants Born Extremely Preterm

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