Risk factors, prevalence trend, and clustering of hypospadias cases in Puerto Rico

Avilés, Luis A.; Alvelo-Maldonado, Laureane; Padró-Mojica, Irmari; Seguinot, José; Jorge, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.03.014

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Another study that employed the NBDPS database, a positive association was found for advanced maternal age (> 40 years) and hypospadias between the years of 1997 to 2007 (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4-3.0) [12]. In Puerto Rico, data from the Birth Defects Prevention and Surveillance System of the Department of Health of Puerto Rico (2007 – 10) revealed an OR of 2.77 (95% CI: 1.26-6.13) for > 40 years old mothers [13]. Taken together, it is becoming increasingly clear that advanced maternal age is associated to hypospadias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been long recognized that age of the mother is one of the factors that defines a high-risk pregnancy in terms of reaching a healthy full-term pregnancy but also in terms of the potentiated risk for having a child with a congenital condition [7]. In fact, age of the mother (> 40 years of age) is associated to hypospadias risk [8–13]. In this study, we revisited the reported association between age of the mother and the risk of having a child with hypospadias, but according to severity of the condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age of the Mother as a Risk Factor and Timing of Hypospadias Repair According to Severity

Jorge¹,

Perez-Brayfield

Torres

et al. 2016

JURNOA

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Background & Objectives Hypospadias is characterized by a displacement of the urethral opening in males that can change from the typical position within the glans penis to a subcoronal position (Type I), to anywhere along the ventral shaft (Type II), to penoscrotal, scrotal, or perineal positions (Type III). We and others have previously reported that age of the mother (≥ 40 years old) is a risk factor for having a child with hypospadias, but there is a scarcity of reports on whether such risk is higher for having a child with the mild (Type I) or the more severe forms (Types II and III). In addition, we aimed to assess the timing of hypospadias repair according to severity. Methods Parents of children with hypospadias were interviewed by using a series of questionnaires (n = 128 cases). Severity was confirmed in the clinic and age of the mother was self-reported. Number of surgeries, age of child by the first and the last intervention was also assessed. Ordered logistic regression and the Brant test were employed to calculate risk between mild (Type I) and severe cases (Types II and III), and the assumption of proportional odds, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare number of surgeries and age by the last repair between mild and severe cases. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare age of the child at the time of first surgery across severities (Types I - III). Results Women ≥ 40 years of age are 3.89 times [95% CI: 1.20-12.64] at a higher risk for having a child with the more severe forms of the condition than younger women. Repair of Type I was accomplished with 1 intervention whereas more severe cases required 1 – 4 (2 ± 0.5) surgical interventions. The timing for hypospadias repair of Type I cases occurred at an average age of 16.2 ± 4.88 months, of Type II cases occurred at an average age of 20.3 ± 8.15 months whereas the average age of the first hypospadias repair among Type III cases was 12.68 ± 2.52 months. Number of surgeries according to severity (p ≤ 0.0018, z-ratio = 2.91) and age difference for the timing of last repair (p ≤ 0.045, z-ratio = 1.69) were statistically different, but not the age difference for the first repair. Conclusions Increased maternal age is associated with the most severe forms of hypospadias. There is room for improvement for the timing of hypospadias repair according to severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of the Mother as a Risk Factor and Timing of Hypospadias Repair According to Severity

Jorge¹,

Perez-Brayfield

Torres

et al. 2016

JURNOA

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“…Usia ibu selama kehamilan dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya hipospadia, dimulai dari ibu yang hamil pada usia tua (>35 tahun) Beberapa studi menyatakan bahwa usia ibu berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko hipospadia. 14,17,[30][31][32][33] Avile´s et al 31 mendapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang secara statistik bermakna antara ibu yang berusia 40 tahun ke atas dengan peningkatan risiko hipospadia. Sastre et al 45 mendapatkan adanya hubungan antara hipospadia dengan ibu yang hamil di usia lanjut.…”

Section: Usia Ibuunclassified

Peranan Faktor Lingkungan dan Kontributor Selama Kehamilan terhadap Hipospadia

Tuju¹,

Lampus²,

Tangel³

2021

eCL

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The etiology of hypospadias is not certainly known and is still controversial. Environmental factors and their influence during pregnancy can be risk factors for increased incidence of hypospadias. This study was aimed to obtain the risk factors of hypospadias. This was a literature review study using three databases, as follows: ClinicalKey, PubMed, and Google Scholar. There were 47 literatures in this study. The results showed that from the 47 literatures containing risk factors of hypospadias, 8 literatures reported the relationship between pesticides and hypospadias; 3 literatures reported the relationship between smoking and increased risk of hypospadias; 6 literatures revealed that there was a strong relationship between maternal age and increased risk of hypospadias; 8 literatures showed that low births weight babies were associated with hypospadias and placental insufficiency as its cause; 5 literatures stated that several drugs consumed by pregnant women during the first trimester were related to the increased risk of hypospadias. In conclusion, environmental factors and contributors during pregnancy are the risk factors of hypospadias.Keywords: hypospadias, risk factors, environmental factors, contributors during pregnancy Abstrtrak: Etiologi hipospadia belum diketahui dengan pasti dan masih bersifat kontroversial. Faktor lingkungan serta hal yang berpengaruh selama kehamilan dapat menjadi faktor risiko peningkatan kejadian hipospadia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko hipospadia. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan menggunakan database ClinicalKey, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa dari 47 literatur yang memuat tentang faktor risiko hipospadia, 8 literatur memuat adanya hubungan antara pestisida dengan hipospadia, 3 literatur memuat bahwa merokok berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko hipospadia, 6 literatur memuat bahwa usia ibu memiliki hubungan kuat dengan peningkatan risiko hipospadia, 8 literatur memuat bahwa bayi berat lahir rendah berkaitan dengan hipospadia dan insufisiensi plasenta menjadi penyebab terjadinya hal tersebut, 5 literatur memuat bahwa beberapa obat obatan yang dikonsumsi ibu hamil selama trimester pertama berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko hipospadia. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor lingkungan dan kontributor selama kehamilan merupakan faktor risiko hipospadia.Kata kunci: hipospadia, faktor risiko, factor lingkungan, Kontributor selama kehamilan

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“…Though in utero exposures to CECs may contribute to adverse developmental outcomes, 30 31 few human studies to date have focused on the possible link between these CECs, endocrine disruption and child health outcomes in Puerto Rico. [32][33][34] To date, most studies investigating the health effects of environmental factors on infant and child health have focused on single or individual exposures such as lead, [35][36][37] chemicals in personal care products, 31 38 39 poverty, 40 41 stress [42][43][44] and air pollution. [45][46][47] While these have contributed significant knowledge, they do not reflect the reality that children experience combinations of exposures simultaneously, such as poverty and pollution, 48 49 or lead and stress, 50 51 or poverty and stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cohort profile: Center for Research on Early Childhood Exposure and Development in Puerto Rico

et al. 2020

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PurposePuerto Rican children experience high rates of asthma and obesity. Further, infants born in Puerto Rico are more at risk for being born prematurely compared with infants on the mainland USA. Environmental exposures from multiple sources during critical periods of child development, potentially modified by psychosocial factors, may contribute to these adverse health outcomes. To date, most studies investigating the health effects of environmental factors on infant and child health have focused on single or individual exposures.ParticipantsInfants currently in gestation whose mother is enrolled in Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) cohort, and infants and children already born to mothers who participated in the PROTECT study.Findings to dateData collection and processing remains ongoing. Demographic data have been collected on 437 mother–child pairs. Birth outcomes are available for 420 infants, neurodevelopmental outcomes have been collected on 319 children. Concentrations of parabens and phenols in maternal spot urine samples have been measured from 386 mothers. Center for Research on Early Childhood Exposure and Development mothers have significantly higher urinary concentrations of dichlorophenols, triclosan and triclocarban, but lower levels of several parabens compared with reference values from a similar population drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Future plansData will continue to be collected through recruitment of new births with a target of 600 children. Seven scheduled follow-up visits with existing and new participants are planned. Further, our research team continues to work with healthcare providers, paediatricians and early intervention providers to support parent’s ability to access early intervention services for participants.

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Risk factors, prevalence trend, and clustering of hypospadias cases in Puerto Rico

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Age of the Mother as a Risk Factor and Timing of Hypospadias Repair According to Severity

Age of the Mother as a Risk Factor and Timing of Hypospadias Repair According to Severity

Peranan Faktor Lingkungan dan Kontributor Selama Kehamilan terhadap Hipospadia

Cohort profile: Center for Research on Early Childhood Exposure and Development in Puerto Rico

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