Risk factors predisposing to pedestrian road traffic injury in children living in Lima, Peru: a case–control study

Pernica, Jeffrey M.; LeBlanc, John C.; Soto-Castellares, Giselle; Donroe, Joseph A.; Carhuancho-Meza, Bristan A; Rainham, Daniel; Gilman, Robert H.

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-300997

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…(28) Presence of adult supervision during play has been found to be strongly associated with reduction in child pedestrian RTAs. (25) These findings strongly support the need to raise awareness about child pedestrian injuries and improve supervision practices among parents and caregivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Common contributing factors seen in other studies include occurrence during weekdays or daylight hours, children from families of low socioeconomic status, low paternal education, traffic exposure during journey to school, lack of supervision during outside play and duration of outside play. (24)(25)(26)(27) Child pedestrians are uniquely vulnerable due to their immature level of physical, sensory and cognitive development, leading to potential errors in judgement, decision-making and impulse control. (8,26,28) Given their small physical size, drivers' view of them is easily obstructed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Road traffic accidents in children: the ‘what’, ‘how’ and ‘why’

Lee¹,

Fang²,

Weng³

et al. 2018

smedj

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road traffic accidents in children: the ‘what’, ‘how’ and ‘why’

Lee¹,

Fang²,

Weng³

et al. 2018

smedj

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show abstract

“…So far, only a few studies on the subject of PPRTIs have been carried out. For example, a case-control study by Pernica et al [17] conducted to investigate the relationship between general population, family and travel factors involving PPRTIs in Lima, Peru. The findings of this study indicated that factors, such as parental education level, duration of outside play, supervision during outside play (or the lack thereof) and the number of the streets needed to be crossed when walking to school are associated with PPRTIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-scale spatial analysis of paediatric, pedestrian road traffic injuries in a major city in North-Eastern Iran 2015–2019

et al. 2020

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Background: Paediatric, pedestrian road traffic injuries (PPRTIs) constitute a major cause of premature death in Iran. Identification of high-risk areas would be the primary step in designing policy intervention for PPRTI reduction because environmental factors play a significant role in these events. The present study aims to determine high-risk areas for PPRTIs at three different geographical scales, including the grid network, the urban neighbourhood and the street levels in Mashhad, Iran during the period 2015-2019. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was based on all pedestrian accidents with motor vehicles involving children (less than 18 years of age) between March 2015 and March 2019 in the city of Mashhad, which is the second-most populous city in Iran. The Anselin Local Moran's I statistic and Getis-Ord Gi* were performed to measure spatial autocorrelation and hotspots of PPRTIs at the geographical grid network and neighbourhood level. Furthermore, a spatial buffer analysis was used to classify the streets according to their PPRTI rate. Results: A total of 7390 PPRTIs (2364 females and 4974 males) were noted during the study period. The children's mean age was 9.7 ± 5.1 years. Out of the total PPRTIs, 43% occurred on or at the sides of the streets, 25 of which labelled high-risk streets. A high-high cluster of PPRTI was discovered in the eastern part of the city, while there was a low-low such cluster in the West. Additionally, in the western part of the city, older children were more likely to become injured, while in the northeastern and southeastern parts, younger children were more often the victims. Conclusions: Spatial analysis of PPRTIs in an urban area was carried out at three different geographical scales: the grid network, the neighbourhood and the street level. The resulting documentation contributes reliable support for the implementation and prioritization of preventive strategies, such as improvement of the highrisk streets and neighbourhoods of the city that should lead to decreasing numbers of PPRTIs.

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“…Five studies assessed the impact of income on RTIs. Among these studies, one study conducted among professional car drivers [35] but the other four studies conducted among children, adolescents, and youths and their household income was assessed [32,[36][37][38]. The meta-analysis involved 6151 population and revealed that decreasing in amount of income increases the risk of RTIs by 1.23 times (95%CI, 1.13-1.33) with no statistically signi cant heterogeneity (I 2 = 37%, 𝜏 2 = 0.0028, p = 0.18).…”

Section: Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors pertaining to road traffic injuries; a systematic scoping review and meta-analysis

Mohammadi,

Rashidi,

Koolaji

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Many factors have been associated with road traffic injuries (RTI) while no study has cumulatively gathered and pooled them. Methods A comprehensive search was carried out in PubMed, World of Sciences, and Scopus based on predefined keywords. Two independent reviewers performed screening the search findings and data extraction procedure. Risk of bias was checked based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (OR) were extracted and pooled by meta-analysis to reach the overall effect. Results In all, 34 studies were included that summed 277,943 individuals, reporting at least one factor pertaining to RTI. The factors related to an increased rate of RTIs (OR 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.35–1.64). Based on the included publications, factors could be grouped as alcohol consumption (1.74, 1.32–2.30), experienced driving and self-confidence (106, 0.94–1.20), seatbelt fastening incompliance (1.45, 1.39–1.51), driving in poor roads and rural areas (1.31, 1.03–1.42), lower education level (1.30, 1.17–1.44), lower income (1.23, 1.13–1.33), malfunctioned vehicle (1.77, 1.52–2.05), and driving with psychological tensions (1.20, 1.11–1.30). Conclusion Almost all the discovered factors in this study were among the modifiable factors that highlight the need for preventive and debarment measures.

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Risk factors predisposing to pedestrian road traffic injury in children living in Lima, Peru: a case–control study

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Road traffic accidents in children: the ‘what’, ‘how’ and ‘why’

Road traffic accidents in children: the ‘what’, ‘how’ and ‘why’

Multiple-scale spatial analysis of paediatric, pedestrian road traffic injuries in a major city in North-Eastern Iran 2015–2019

Factors pertaining to road traffic injuries; a systematic scoping review and meta-analysis

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