Risk Factors of Respiratory Diseases Among Neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Qena University Hospital, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Respiratory diseases in newborns are considered major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. Its causes are diverse and require early detection and management. This study aimed for detection of the prevalence and risk factors of respiratory diseases in addition to outcome among neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: Our study was a prospective observational study that was undertaken at the neonatal intensive care unit of Qena University Hospital, Egypt from July 2017 to July 2018. Demographic and clinical data of newborns and their mothers were evaluated and tabulated. Results: In this period, 312 neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, out of them 145 suffered respiratory diseases giving a prevalence of (46.5%), and (55.9%) were males. The mean neonatal age at admission was 4.33 ± 7.19 days and mean gestational age was 34.49 ± 3.31 weeks. The most common detected respiratory diseases were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS; 49.6%), transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN; 22%), neonatal pneumonia (17.2%) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS; 6.21%). Premature rupture of membrane (PROM), maternal diabetes and fetal prematurity had the highest risk factors for respiratory diseases occurrence in neonates. Neonatal mortality rate was 26.2%, mainly due to hyaline membrane disease and pneumonia. Conclusion: Respiratory diseases constitute major part of total admission in neonatal intensive care unit especially RDS, TTN, pneumonia and MAS. Prematurity and maternal diabetes were the most important risk factors associated with respiratory diseases. Respiratory distress syndrome carried the highest risk of mortality and TTN carried the highest survival rate.

The burden of hyaline membrane disease, mortality and its determinant factors among preterm neonates admitted at Debre Tabor General Hospital, North Central Ethiopia: A retrospective follow up study

“…In addition, the study conducted in Bulgaria was conducted among preterm neonate whose mother took dexamethasone. However, proportion was lower than the study conducted, in Cameroon 47.5% [ 3 ], 54,3% in Poland [ 15 ], 54.7% Saudi Arabia [ 44 ], 49.6% in Egypt [ 45 ]. The possible reasons could be the study conducted in Poland was conducted among preterm births from PROM mother which may increase the burden.…”

The epidemiology, risk factors, mortality rate, diagnosis, etiologies and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress: a scoping review

“…The role played by prematurity as a risk factor for NRD can be explained by structural and functional immaturity of the fetal lung (29,43). For example, the incidence of NRD due to HMD was reported at 60-80% in newborns < 28 weeks of GA, 15-30% when the GA was between 32-36 weeks, 5% when the GA > 37weeks and rarely at term (43) (20) found that prematurity was an independent risk factor for NRD. Also, post-term GA has been established as a risk factor for NRD due to the considerable intrauterine excretion of meconium by the fetus, subsequently leading to MAS (61).…”

“…Maternal diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus whether chronic diabetes or gestational diabetes mellitus has been reported as a major risk factor for NRD in Italy, Egypt and Ethiopia (20,21,29,51).…”

Mechanical Ventilation Outcomes at the NICU at EL-Zahraa University Hospital

“…On the other hand, Torres-castro et al (2016) found that females were 51% while males 49% among ventilated neonates in their study. This contradiction could be explained by difference in methodological techniques, inclusion and exclusion criteria of those studies or difference in the study sample [11]. These findings reflect the negative association between gestational age and the need for mechanical ventilation.…”