Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children A Community Survey

Bari, MI; Siddiqui, AB; Alam, T; Hossain, A

doi:10.3329/taj.v20i2.3072

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Most of our findings are consistent with risk factor analyses in previous pneumonia studies [17, 18]. Similarly, risk factors associated with mortality, such as low weight for age, lack of access to safe drinking water, and presence of at least one co-morbid condition, were also consistent with previous studies [19, 20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Epidemiology and risk factors for pneumonia severity and mortality in Bangladeshi children <5 years of age before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

Saha

Kim

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundPneumonia is the leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in young children in Bangladesh. We present the epidemiology of pneumonia in Bangladeshi children <5 years before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction and investigate factors associated with disease severity and mortality.MethodsChildren aged 2–59 months admitted to three Bangladeshi hospitals with pneumonia (i.e., cough or difficulty breathing and age-specific tachypnea without danger signs) or severe pneumonia (i.e., cough or difficulty breathing and ≥1 danger signs) were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and vaccine history data were collected. We assessed associations between characteristics and pneumonia severity and mortality using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong 3639 Bangladeshi children with pneumonia, 61% had severe disease, and 2% died. Factors independently associated with severe pneumonia included ages 2–5 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.60 [95% CI: 1.26–2.01]) and 6–11 months (aOR 1.31 [1.10–1.56]) relative to 12–59 months, low weight for age (aOR 1.22 [1.04–1.42]), unsafe drinking water source (aOR 2.00 [1.50–2.69]), higher paternal education (aOR 1.34 [1.15–1.57]), higher maternal education (aOR 0.74 [0.64–0.87]), and being fully vaccinated for age with pentavalent vaccination (aOR 0.64 [0.51–0.82]). Increased risk of pneumonia mortality was associated with age <12 months, low weight for age, unsafe drinking water source, lower paternal education, disease severity, and having ≥1 co-morbid condition.ConclusionsModifiable factors for severe pneumonia and mortality included low weight for age and access to safe drinking water. Improving vaccination status could decrease disease severity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Epidemiology and risk factors for pneumonia severity and mortality in Bangladeshi children <5 years of age before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

Saha

Kim

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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“…2 Previous research has shown that in low resource settings, risk factors for pneumonia in children have included malnutrition, inadequate paternal education, bad ventilated living room, and smoking habits of parents. 3 Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality of children especially in developing countries. The Nepal Department of Health Services reported that acute respiratory illness (ARI) is the number one killer disease of children in Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Children under 5 Years in a Teaching Hospital in Nepal

Karki

Fitzpatrick

Shrestha

2015

Kathmandu Univ. Med. J.

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Background Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality among children under-five years of age globally. The WHO (2014) has reported that indoor air pollution caused by cooking and heating with biomass fuel, living in crowed homes and parenting smoking are risk factors of pneumonia.Objectives The objective of the study was to identify the risk factors for pneumonia among children under-5 years of age.Methods A case control study was carried out among the mothers having under-5 years children who were admitted in the paediatric ward of Dhulikhel Hospital in 2012/13. A convenience sampling technique was used to select 50 children with pneumonia and 150 children with non-pneumonia diseases matched on age, sex and setting. A semi-structured interview consisting of questions related to risk factors for pneumonia was used to collect data from mothers of both cases and controls.Results Sex of the child did not differ by case/control group whereas the children with pneumonia were slightly older with 26% cases and 15% controls older than 3 years of age. Mother’s education was similar in both groups as was family income. Living in a household with a chulo with smoke increased the odds of having pneumonia significantly, with the risk almost 4 times greater if the chulo was located within the same building (OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.20-11.82, p=0.02). Children who had diarrhea in the past 3 months were protected from pneumonia (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18- 0.82, p=0.01). An increasing trend of pneumonia was observed among children of tobacco smoking parents with greater risk if both parents smoked; it was, however, not statically significant (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 0.56-8.82, p=0.26).Conclusion The present study suggests that two factors related to smoke, presence of a smoky chulo in a household and both parents smoking, are modifiable risk factors related to pneumonia in young children. Reliable longitudinal studies, interventions, and programs to educate parents in prevention are important for reducing mortality and morbidities related to acute respiratory illnesses in Nepal.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(4) 2014; 247-252

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“…Childhood pneumococcal vaccination had indirect effects on the incidence of pneumococcal disease [46]. Risk factors for mortality in children with pneumonia included convulsions, age <12 months, lower weight, unsafe water consumption, lower parental education, severity of disease, and presence of co-morbid conditions [47,48,49,50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short and Long-term Mortality of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults and Children- A Detailed Scoping Review

Vijayan

Nagpal

Dissanayake

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common infectious agent responsible for pneumonia, which can result in serious complications such as meningitis, sepsis, morbidity, and mortality. The objective of this study is to examine the risk factors and complications associated with mortality caused by community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in both adults and children. To conduct this research, a thorough literature review was carried out by researchers between May 1, 2021, and August 1, 2021. Various databases, including PubMed, WHO, clinicaltrials.gov, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, were searched using specific keywords such as mortality, pneumococcal pneumonia, adults, children, and their combinations. The study encompassed patients of all age groups affected by pneumococcal pneumonia, while systematic reviews focusing on other types of pneumonia and non-pneumonia patients were excluded. After eliminating duplicate studies, the search yielded 1783 relevant articles, which underwent title and abstract screening. Ultimately, 8 studies were included in the final review. In conclusion, pneumococcal pneumonia is a significant contributor to mortality among both adults and children. This research emphasizes the importance of implementing effective management strategies to reduce long-term mortality

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Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children A Community Survey

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Epidemiology and risk factors for pneumonia severity and mortality in Bangladeshi children <5 years of age before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

Epidemiology and risk factors for pneumonia severity and mortality in Bangladeshi children <5 years of age before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Children under 5 Years in a Teaching Hospital in Nepal

Short and Long-term Mortality of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults and Children- A Detailed Scoping Review

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Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children A Community Survey

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Epidemiology and risk factors for pneumonia severity and mortality in Bangladeshi children <5 years of age before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

Epidemiology and risk factors for pneumonia severity and mortality in Bangladeshi children <5 years of age before 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction

Risk Factors for Pneumonia in Children under 5 Years in a Teaching Hospital in Nepal

Short and Long-term Mortality of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults and Children- A Detailed Scoping Review

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Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children A Community Survey