Risk factors of female cancers in Ragusa population (Sicily). 2. Breast cancer

A case-control study on breast, cervix and endometrium cancer cases registered in Ragusa between January 1, 1983 and June 30, 1985 has been conducted. Information on risk factors has been obtained by means of a structured questionnaire. Risk factors for endometrium cancer were: few children (1-2 vs greater than 4 OR 15.18, 95%CL 1.96-117.64), oestrogenic treatment (OR 2.20, 95%CL 1.05-4.90), obesity (Quetelet index greater than 30 vs less than 22 OR 10.42, 95%CL 1.30-83.86), family history (OR 2.87, 95% CL 1.05-7.83). Risk factors for cervix uteri cancer were: multiple abortions (greater than 2 vs 0 OR 9.87, 95%CL 1.46-66.66), no contraception (OR 8.33, 95%CL 2.38-25.00), younger age of mother at birth (OR 6.89, 95%CL 1.71-27.70). Age at menarche, age at menopause and years of fertile life were not found to be related to either endometrium or cervix uteri cancer. The existence of influencing differences (ancestry, environment, lifestyle) has been postulated.

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“…The results concerning uterine cancer cases are reported here, while an accompanying paper (8) describes the results on breast cancer cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of female cancers in ragusa population (sicily) - I. Endometrium and cervix uteri cancers

Cusimano

Dardanoni

et al. 1989

Eur J Epidemiol

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Alcohol and breast cancer. Where are we now where do we go from here?

Schafzkin¹,

Longnecker²

1994

Cancer

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The alcohol-breast cancer hypothesis is important because (1) breast cancer is a major source of morbidity and mortality, (2) alcohol consumption is common, and (3) drinking is modifiable. Reports from more than 50 epidemiologic investigations of this hypothesis have now appeared. A recent metaanalysis of these studies indicates both a modest positive association between alcohol and breast cancer (an approximate 25% increase in risk with daily intake of the equivalent of two drinks) and a doseresponse relation. Data suggest that risk increases with consumption of alcohol in general, regardless of beverage type. Several factors, including age, weight, and estrogen usage, have been shown to modify this relation in some studies. The authors discuss a series of methodologic issues in the study of alcohol and breast cancer. These include error in alcohol assessment, difficulties in evaluating small relative risks, and the potential for confounding. Several biologic mechanisms could account for an alcohol-breast cancer relation, with increasing attention being paid to a possible mediating effect of reproductive steroid hormones. Animal studies are a relatively recent development in this area; results have been mixed. Incorporation of more refined temporal, quantitative, and qualitative indicators of alcohol exposure in future epidemiologic studies would be valuable, as would further exploration of the endocrine and other metabolic effects of moderate alcohol consumption. The alcohol-breast cancer hypothesis remains intriguing, but causality has not been established. Cancer 1994; 74:llOl-10.

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Alcoholic beverage consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis and review

Longnecker

1994

Cancer Causes Control

356

171

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The objective was to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer. Data from 38 epidemiologic studies on alcohol consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer in women were included in a meta-analysis. A qualitative literature review also was conducted. The results showed strong evidence of a dose-response relation; however, the slope of the dose-response curve was quite modest. For example, daily consumption of one alcoholic drink was associated with an 11 percent increase (95 percent confidence interval, seven to 16 percent) in the risk of breast cancer compared with nondrinkers. An explanation for the marked variation in results across studies was not found. The modest size of the association and variation in results across studies leave the causal role of alcohol in question. The evidence that alcohol consumption affects the risk of breast cancer, however, appears to be growing stronger.

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Risk factors of female cancers in Ragusa population (Sicily). 2. Breast cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Risk factors of female cancers in ragusa population (sicily) - I. Endometrium and cervix uteri cancers

Risk factors of female cancers in ragusa population (sicily) - I. Endometrium and cervix uteri cancers

Alcohol and breast cancer. Where are we now where do we go from here?

Alcoholic beverage consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis and review

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