Risk factors of different hemoplasma species infections in cats

Bergmann, Michèle; Englert, Theresa; Stuetzer, Bianca; Hawley, Jennifer; Lappin, Michael R.; Hartmann, Katrin

doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0953-3

Cited by 28 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This supports the hypotheses of horizontal transmission during aggressive interactions between cats and transmission through arthropod vectors, respectively (64). In Germany, between 7.2% and 22.5% of cats are infected, and the most common species is Mhm (6,11,47,63). Ccats from multi-cat households were significantly more likely to be infected with a haemotropic Mycoplasma spp., with shelter cats having similar infection rates as cats from private multi-cat homes.…”

Section: Haemotropic Mycoplasma Spp Infectionssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Vector-borne diseases in cats in Germany

Bergmann¹,

Hartmann²

2017

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K

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Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are caused by a wide range of pathogens, which are transmitted by a variety of vectors, such as ticks and fleas. As a result of climate changes, more vector-borne diseases are becoming endemic in Germany, not only in dogs, but also in cats. For some of the pathogens prevalence data still need to be investigated in Germany. However, natural infections with Bartonella, Anaplasma, haemotropic Mycoplasma and Borrelia species have already been described in German cats. Clinical relevance of these pathogens is not fully understood, and it is still unknown, why most infected cats stay asymptomatic and which predisposing factors contribute to the development of clinical signs in cats. Moreover, there is a risk of zoonotic transmission for some of the pathogens, e. g., for some Bartonella spp. infections that are associated with cat scratch disease in humans. Due to the increasing number of VBDs in cats in Germany, preventive measures, such as the use of acaricides and insecticides, should be performed on a regular base in order to reduce the risk of these infections.

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Section: Haemotropic Mycoplasma Spp Infectionssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Strict flea control should be maintained (e.g., with imidacloprid) as this has been shown to stop transmission of B. henselae (15). (11,81). Most commonly, haemotropic Mycoplasma spp.…”

Section: Bartonella Spp Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-borne diseases in cats in Germany

Bergmann¹,

Hartmann²

2017

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K

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“…The significant association between hemoplasma infection and the co-infection with retrovirus (FeLV/FIV) shown by this and previous studies [6,19,25,35,39] could be explained by the well-known immunosuppressive effect of these retroviruses. However, since FIV is mainly transmitted through bite wounds, it has been suggested that the strong statistical association between this retroviral infection and feline hemoplasmosis could be supporting the horizontal route of transmission [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…It has been frequently reported that there is an association between the age of the cats and hemoplasma infection. Some studies have described that adult age could be a risk factor for these infections [7,11,23,26,33,35,40,41]. In our study, being an adult cat (> one year-old) was statistically associated with hemoplasma infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In addition, other means of transmission must exist, considering their detection in areas where there is absence of the possible vectors [1]. In this sense, it has been described that male cats are more likely to engage in roaming and fighting behaviour, which may increase their chance of contracting the disease if a direct mode of transmission exists [7,11,20,26,33,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Our own study supports a higher risk for male animals and for stray cats or client-owned cats that had outdoor access.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological study of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in cats from central Spain

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) have been found infecting cats worldwide. However, studies about feline hemoplasma infections in Spain are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to evaluate the prevalence of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas and to characterize risk factors and clinical findings associated with these infections in a cat population from the Madrid area, Spain.MethodsPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” (CMhm) and “Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis” (CMt) in blood samples from 456 client-owned and 138 stray cats from Madrid. In order to assess associations between these hemoplasma infections and epidemiological parameters, data regarding signalment, environment, prophylaxis measures, retrovirus status, clinical signs and laboratory findings were compiled, whenever possible.ResultsDNA of feline hemoplasmas was detected from the blood of 63 out of 594 cats (10.6%), with a prevalence of 3.7% (22/594) for Mhf, 8.1% (48/594) for CMhm and 0.5% (3/594) for CMt. Stray cats had statistically higher prevalences of feline hemoplasmas (15.9%) and, specifically, of Mhf (8.7%) than client-owned cats (9 and 2.2%, respectively). A total of seven cats (1.17%) were co-infected with “Candidatus M. haemominutum” and M. haemofelis, two (0.33%) with “Candidatus M. haemominutum” and “Candidatus M. turicensis” and another one (0.17%) with M. haemofelis and Candidatus “M. turicensis”. Male gender, collection of blood during warm months and FeLV/FIV positivity status were associated with hemotropic mycoplasma infection in cats from Madrid. Additionally, within the group of client-owned cats, hemoplasma infection was associated with adult age, outdoor access, and the existence of low haematocrit, erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration values.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological survey of feline hemoplasmas performed in central Spain (Madrid). Our study confirms that “Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum”, Mycoplasma haemofelis and “Ca. Mycoplasma turicensis” are infecting client-owned and stray cats in this region of Spain, “Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum” being the most prevalent species. More studies are necessary to help understand the role of the natural infection by these species of hemoplasma in cats.

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Evaluating the association between blood genotype or phenotype and haemoplasma infection in UK and Italian cats

et al. 2022

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Background: In humans, blood groups are associated with varying prevalence of infections. The aim of this study was to determine if associations exist between the feline AB blood group system and haemoplasma infection. Methods: Data from two studies were combined. In the first study, DNA samples from 131 haemoplasma-infected and 132 haemoplasma-uninfected UK cats underwent pyrosequencing to determine their blood genotype as AA, Ab or bb. In the second study, blood samples from 160 Italian cats of known blood phenotype A, B or AB underwent PCR testing for feline haemoplasma species DNA.Results: Haemoplasma infection was demonstrated in cats of all phenotypes and genotypes. A significantly higher number of Ab genotype cats tested positive for overall haemoplasma infection status (p = 0.04) and for Mycoplasma haemofelis infection (p = 0.03). Limitations: Haemoplasma-infected Italian cats were few, possibly increasing the chance of type II error, and the presence of purebred cats in the sample population may have had a confounding effect. Conclusions: Feline haemoplasmas do not appear to preferentially use either blood type A or B antigens as attachment sites for erythrocyte colonisation. Further investigations in a larger number of haemoplasma-infected cats of known blood phenotype are warranted to explain the association between genotype Ab and haemoplasma infection.

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Risk factors of different hemoplasma species infections in cats

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Vector-borne diseases in cats in Germany

Vector-borne diseases in cats in Germany

Epidemiological study of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in cats from central Spain

Evaluating the association between blood genotype or phenotype and haemoplasma infection in UK and Italian cats

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