Risk Factors in Breast Cancer: Are They Important, Are They the Same in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Breast Cancer Patients

Frankl, Gloria

doi:10.1159/000225400

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to these reports, other well-controlled studies gave no support to the hypothesis that different hormonal risk factors operate in pre-and post-menopausal women [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Similarly, Frankl [4] did not find any difference in preand post-menopausal status in relation to parity and family history of breast cancer. Najen et al [5] and De Waard et al [6] indicated that irregular menstrual cycles, parity, family history and oral contraceptive use presented similar results in pre-and post-menopausal women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, whereas some investigators have shown that some risk factors significantly differ among the two groups [8,[12][13][14][15], others have reported similar findings, which support a common origin [3][4][5]. These observations, if confirmed, could have important implications, both from a public health viewpoint and for interpretation of underlying biologic mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For instance, a distinction in the definition of hormonal status: menopausal status has been defined on the basis of age [16] or presence of menses [3,4,8,15,17]. In some studies, using menses as criteria for postmenopausal status, hysterectomized women were considered post-menopausal even though their ovaries may still be functional [4,8,13,17]. Differences in odds ratio (OR) estimates of pre-menopausal breast cancer for reproductive factors derived from case-control studies may also be due to a selection bias from the use of different types of controls, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Breast Cancer among Pre- or Post-Menopausal Women in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Gomes¹,

Guimarães

Júnior³

et al. 2001

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background: Much controversy has been generated about pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients and investigators have sought to identify whether risk factors differ between these two groups. In Brazil, breast cancer is an important cause of death among women and there are few analytical studies concerning pre- or post-menopausal comparisons. Methods: A case-control study was carried out at the Federal University Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, to determine if selected socio-economic and reproductive risk factors for breast cancer differed between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Cases were 300 women with breast carcinoma and controls were 600 women with other benign diseases matched for age and date of diagnosis, admitted to the same hospital during the same period (1978–1987). Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Multivariate analysis showed no differences in breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women (risk factors were similar in direction and magnitude). Occupation, irregular menstrual cycles, parity, history of breast cancer in at least one first-degree female relative, and oral contraceptive use had similar associations in both groups. Conclusions: The present study indicates that breast cancer diagnosed before and after menopause has a similar risk profile.

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“…In contrast to these reports, other well-controlled studies gave no support to the hypothesis that different hormonal risk factors operate in pre-and post-menopausal women [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer among Pre- or Post-Menopausal Women in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Gomes¹,

Guimarães

Júnior³

et al. 2001

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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show abstract

“…Early menarche, late natural menopause [22][23][24][25], nulliparity, and advanced age at first pregnancy or childbirth [23][24][25][26][27] tend to increase the risk of breast cancer, fibroadenoma, and mastopathia cystica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of selected dietary elements in breast cancer risk among native and migrant populations in poland

Zemła¹

1985

Nutrition and Cancer

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A case-control study of risk indicators among women with premenopausal and early postmenopausal breast cancer

Lipnick

Speizer

Bain

et al. 1984

Cancer

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Among 714 premenopausal and 130 postmenopausal breast cancer cases matched with 8440 controls for age in years and menopausal status, risk indicators for breast cancer were similar, although most associations were stronger in the premenopausal women. Compared with nulliparous women, the relative risk (RR) for those with first birth before age 25 years was 0.7 (95% confidence limits [CL] from 0.5 to 0.9) among premenopausal women, and 0.7 (0.4–1.4) for postmenopausal women. In the premenopausal cases, a history of breast cancer in a sister gave a RR of 3.0 (2.1–4.1) and in a mother 1.9 (1.4–2.5), whereas for the postmenopausal women the RRs were 1.4 (0.6–3.1) and 13 (0.6–2.6), respectively. Fibrocystic breast disease was also a significant predictor of subsequent breast cancer in the premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In relation to women having a single birth, premenopausal women with six or more births had a risk of breast cancer of 0.6 (0.4–1.0), which was present even after adjustment for age at first birth.

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Risk Factors in Breast Cancer: Are They Important, Are They the Same in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Breast Cancer Patients

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer among Pre- or Post-Menopausal Women in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer among Pre- or Post-Menopausal Women in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

The role of selected dietary elements in breast cancer risk among native and migrant populations in poland

A case-control study of risk indicators among women with premenopausal and early postmenopausal breast cancer

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