Risk factors in Alzheimer's disease

Méndez, María Jesús Pumar; Underwood, Katherine; Zander, Beth A.; Mastri, Angeline R.; Sung, Joo Ho; Frey, William H.

doi:10.1212/wnl.42.4.770

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Putative Risk Factors A variety of risk factors such as old age, family history of dementia in first-degree relatives or apolipoprotein E4 allele have been related to Alzheimer's disease [24] . Other risk factors such as low educational attainment, head trauma, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders have also been speculated to be related to Alzheimer's disease [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] .…”

Section: Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Institution Type-Dependent High Prevalence of Dementia in Long-Term Care Units

et al. 2007

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Background/Aims: It is estimated that there are 90,000 patients with dementia in the 23 million habitants of Taiwan, with a few institutions specialized in dementia care. To assess the need of institutional care for dementia, we investigated the institution prevalence of dementia. Methods: We performed stratified randomized sampling of elder residents from different types of institutions in different regions of Taiwan. A 2-stage survey with screening and clinical confirmation was carried out in 2004. Results: In total, 1,525 residents aged 65 years and over in 60 institutions participated in the study in which 1,308 elders completed the 2-stage survey. Among these, 631 elders were diagnosed as having dementia. The dementia prevalence was 26.8% in the residential houses, 61.8% in the assisted living facilities and 64.5% in the nursing homes. Vascular dementia was the leading cause of dementia in the institutions. Old age, diabetes mellitus and family history of dementia increased risks for both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Conclusion: The investigation showed that the prevalence of dementia in the long-term care units of Taiwan was much higher than those from community studies and the high prevalence in the institutions depended on the type of the long-term care unit.

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Section: Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Institution Type-Dependent High Prevalence of Dementia in Long-Term Care Units

et al. 2007

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“…Myocardial in farction (MI) was associated with an increased risk of dementia, when women with and without a history of MI were compared, but did not reach significance for the total sample. Other studies have found no relationship between heart disease and dementia [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Emerson et al [22] found no evidence of car diac abnormalities in a controlled study of dementia patients, and this finding was replicated in a retrospective study of Mendez et al [23], although identification of risk factors in medical history depended on information from family informants. Breteler et al [15] did not consider coronary heart disease in their meta-analysis of risk fac tors in medical history in AD Neuropathological studies provide no evidence of a link between coronary heart disease and dementia.…”

Section: Hypertension Ischaemic Heart Disease and Dementiamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In a meta-analysis of prev alence studies, Jorm et al [4] confirmed the higher preva lence of MID in males. The association between hyperten sion and cognitive impairment has been demonstrated in a number of studies [35], but the link with ascertained cases of dementia is less clear [20,21,23]. Stater and Roth [40] reported hypertension in approximately 50% of pa tients with 'arteriosclerotic psychosis' [41] but blood pres sure was not a discriminating factor in two studies con trasting AD and MID [42,43].…”

Section: Hypertension Ischaemic Heart Disease and Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Scottish Record Linkage Study of Risk Factors in Medical History and Dementia Outcome in Hospital Patients

Ryan¹

1994

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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The relative risk (RR) of acquiring a hospital diagnosis of dementia was estimated in 101,104 patients (1 in 25 fraction) randomly selected from total admissions to Scottish general hospitals between 1968 and 1977. The patients were allocated to putative at-risk groups according to main diagnosis at time of index admission, and RR of dementia (ICD 9290) was contrasted between ten risk groups and a reference group. Record linkage was used to reduce admission episodes to individual cases, to link general and psychiatric Scottish Morbidity Records (SMR 1 and SMR 4), to identify subsequent admission diagnoses of dementia, and to establish person-years-at-risk for each case by linking to the Registrar General''s mortality file. For males, RR was significantly increased in the ''hypertensive'' risk group (RR 3.88:95% CI 2.18–9.89: p < 0.05) and was significantly reduced in the ''arterial disease'' risk group (RR 0.57:95% CI 0.34–0.95: p <0.05). There was a trend towards increased risk in the cerebrovascular category. For females, RR was significantly reduced in the ''cancer'' risk group (RR 0.46:95% CI 0.34–0.63: p < 0.05). There was no evidence of significant alteration in RR in a number of other possible risk groups (endocrine, head injury, CNS/NS disease, ischaemic heart disease, peptic ulcer). Morbidity registers provide access to large data sets of low reliability. No attempt was made to distinguish between Alzheimer''s disease and multi-infarct dementia cases, which limited scope for comparison with studies focused on Alzheimer''s disease. Previous reports of positive associations between head injury, thyroid disorder, and subsequent Alzheimer''s disease were not replicated.

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“…A number of family studies have confirmed that genetic risk factors play an important role in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Heston et al, 1981;Heyman et al, 1983;Breitner and Folstein, 1984;Huff et al, 1988;Farrer et al, 1989;Mendez et al, 1992;Korten et al, 1993;Silverman et al, 1994;Heun et al, 2001). Some of these genetic risk factors might also predispose to other physical disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical disorders and causes of death in relatives of Alzheimer's disease patients

Kockler

Nitardy

Papassotiropoulos

et al. 2002

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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The results do not support a major overlap between the genetic risk of AD and the genetic risk of cerebrovascular disease, Down's syndrome, haematological malignancies or Parkinson's disease. The finding of an increased risk of congenital malformations in relatives of AD patients needs further replication before it can be stated. The increased risk of dementia or depression with cognitive impairment in elderly relatives of patients with AD or MD increases the risk of accidents like falls. The genetic risk of depression in relatives of patients with MD could have a negative influence on the prognosis of peptic ulcera.

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Risk factors in Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Institution Type-Dependent High Prevalence of Dementia in Long-Term Care Units

Institution Type-Dependent High Prevalence of Dementia in Long-Term Care Units

A Scottish Record Linkage Study of Risk Factors in Medical History and Dementia Outcome in Hospital Patients

Physical disorders and causes of death in relatives of Alzheimer's disease patients

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