Risk factors for undescended testis

Brouwers, Marijn M.; Bruijne, Leonie M. de; Gier, R.P.E. de; Zielhuis, Gerhard A.; Feitz, W. F. J.; Roeleveld, Nel

doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2010.11.001

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…9446589758092824076104105 Two separate meta-analyses have confirmed this association, 100,106 with the most recent including information from 25 studies and observing a 17% increased risk of cryptorchidism among boys born to mothers who smoked tobacco during pregnancy (pooled OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11–1.23). 100 To put this into perspective, the association between maternal smoking and the development of cryptorchidism is comparable to that observed for smoking and cleft lip defect (OR range 1.2–1.6).…”

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 84%

“…When viewed collectively, the literature to date provides little 93 or no 799499966467895769289 evidence that maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with cryptorchidism development. A recent meta-analysis reported a null association (adjusted pooled odds ratio: 0.97, 95% CI 0.87–1.07).…”

Section: Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…105 It also means that most studies ignore the possibility that the timing of tobacco exposure is important (including timing of cessation among those who quit during pregnancy). One conceivable (though probably simplistic) explanation for why several studies have observed a null 66810879 or weak 9446548807892408298 association between maternal smoking and cryptorchidism might be due to poor data quality and/or incomplete analytical accounting for the intensity and timing of smoking. An exception to this is the study by Mongraw-Chaffin et al, 95 which collected comprehensive prospective data on tobacco exposure during pregnancy and found a null (if not weak negative) result.…”

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,34,48,81,83,89,189,190886887758640187828480778,92 For example, recent observations from a New Zealand birth cohort showed that the prevalence of all three of these markers within boys with orchidopexy-confirmed cryptorchidism was approximately twice that observed among non-cryptorchid boys. 189 In addition, relative foetal growth restriction is also associated with cryptorchidism: Jensen et al 34 observed that a twin born with cryptorchidism was, on average, 136g lighter (95% CI 70–202) than a non-cryptorchid male twin.…”

Section: Gestational Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Birth measures (birth weight, gestational age, size for gestational age) 5,8,34,40,48,68,75,77,80–84,86–89,92,187,189,190 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Risk factors for cryptorchidism

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The condition known as cryptorchidism – undescended testis – is one of the most common congenital abnormalities found among males, and is one of the few known risk factors for testicular cancer (TC). Like testicular cancer, the key exposures in the occurrence of cryptorchidism remain elusive. Testicular descent is thought to occur during two hormonally-controlled phases – between 8–15 weeks and 25–35 weeks gestation – and while it is clear that a failure of testes to descend permanently is likely due to disruptions to one or both of these phases, the cause(s) and mechanism(s) of such disruption are still unclear. In this manuscript, we review the broad range of putative risk factors that have been evaluated in relation to the development of cryptorchidism to date, discuss their plausibility, and make suggestions regarding further approaches to understand aetiology. There are few exposures for which there is consistent evidence of an association with cryptorchidism; and in those cases where evidence appears unequivocal – for example, the relationship between cryptorchidism and gestational measures such as low birth weight – the measured exposure is likely to be a surrogate for the true causal exposure. The relative importance of each risk factor may vary considerably between mother/son pairs depending on an array of genetic, maternal, placental and foetal factors – all of which could vary between regions.

show abstract

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gestational Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Birth measures (birth weight, gestational age, size for gestational age) 5,8,34,40,48,68,75,77,80–84,86–89,92,187,189,190 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Risk factors for cryptorchidism

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Altered infant feeding patterns in boys with acquired nonsyndromic cryptorchidism

Barthold

Hossain

Olivant-Fisher

et al. 2012

Birth Defects Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Genetic and environmental factors likely influence susceptibility to nonsyndromic cryptorchidism, a common disease presenting at birth or in later childhood. We compared cases and controls to define differential risk factors for congenital vs. acquired cryptorchidism. Methods We compared questionnaire and clinical data from cases of congenital cryptorchidism (n=230), acquired cryptorchidism (n=182) and hernia/hydrocele (n=104) with a group of healthy male controls (n=358). Potential predictor variables (p<0.2 in univariable analysis) were included in stepwise multivariable logistic regression models. Results Temporary (odds ratio (OR) 0.5; 95% CI 0.4, 0.8) or exclusive (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4, 0.9) breastfeeding was reduced and soy formula feeding increased (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2, 2.9) in acquired but not congenital or hernia/hydrocele groups. Highest risk estimates were observed for primary soy formula feeding with limited or no breastfeeding (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4, 4.3; adjusted OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4, 5.4) in the acquired group. Primary feeding risk estimates were equivalent or strengthened when multivariable models were limited to age >2 years, full term/non-SGA or Caucasian subjects. Pregnancy complications and increased maternal exposure to cosmetic or household chemicals were not consistently associated with either form of cryptorchidism in these models. Conclusions Our data support reduced breastfeeding and soy formula feeding as potential risk factors for acquired cryptorchidism. Although additional studies are needed, hormonally-active components of breast milk and soy formula could influence the establishment of normal testis position in the first months of life, leading to apparent ascent of testes in childhood.

show abstract