“…Risk factors for neonatal venous thrombosis include extreme prematurity (gestational age ≤ 27.7 weeks), extremely low birth weight (birth weight < 900 g), raised haematocrit levels above 55%, and increased duration of indwelling central venous catheters and malpositioned UVCs. (4,23) In one prospective cohort study, necrotising enterocolitis was associated with unrecognised withdrawal of UVC into the portal vein or ductus venosus, (24) while a case of intestinal perforation secondary to UVC passing through an anomalous patent vitellointestinal duct has also been reported. (25) These two studies demonstrate that the compromise of vascular supply in malpositioned UVCs, with or without thrombosis, may cause gastrointestinal perforations.…”