Risk factors for treatment failure of anisometropic amblyopia

Hussein, Mohamed A.; Coats, David K.; Muthialu, Arpitha; Cohen, Ethan O.; Paysse, Evelyn A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2003.09.005

Cited by 68 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, none of the previously published articles on this subject have evaluated the pattern of refractive error in the amblyopic children of different age groups in this region. It has already been established that the type and amount of refractive error as well as the difference in refractive power between the two eyes are significant risk factors in the treatment failure of amblyopia (Hussein et al, 2004).…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of amblyopia and patterns of refractive error in the amblyopic children of a tertiary eye care center of Nepal

2013

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Introduction: Refractive error is a common cause of amblyopia. Objective: To determine prevalence of amblyopia and the pattern and the types of refractive error in children with amblyopia in a tertiary eye hospital of Nepal. Materials and methods: A retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital (NEH) from July 2006 to June 2011 was conducted. Children of age 13+ or who had any ocular pathology were excluded. Cycloplegic refraction and an ophthalmological examination was performed for all children. The pattern of refractive error and the association between types of refractive error and types of amblyopia were determined. Results: Amblyopia was found in 0.7 % (440) of 62,633 children examined in NEH during this period. All the amblyopic eyes of the subjects had refractive error. Fifty-six percent (248) of the patients were male and the mean age was 7.74 ± 2.97 years. Anisometropia was the most common cause of amblyopia (p < 0.001). One third (29 %) of the subjects had bilateral amblyopia due to high ametropia. Forty percent of eyes had severe amblyopia with visual acuity of 20/120 or worse. About twothirds (59.2 %) of the eyes had astigmatism. Conclusion: The prevalence of amblyopia in the Nepal Eye Hospital is 0.7%. Anisometropia is the most common cause of amblyopia. Astigmatism is the most common types of refractive error in amblyopic eyes.

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Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of amblyopia and patterns of refractive error in the amblyopic children of a tertiary eye care center of Nepal

2013

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“…Although the prevalence of anisometropic amblyopia does not increase after age 3, the depth of amblyopia does (4) . Studies have demonstrated that anisometropic amblyopic patients older than 6 years have a significant relative risk of treatment failure (9) . Considering the age (an 11-year-old boy) and the anisometropic amblyopia (spherical refractive error difference: -1,25 dioptre and cylindrical refractive error difference of -2,50) of the present case, we can consider that the treatment with coline and vitamin was really very effective, confirming that the correlation between age and treatment response is unclear (4) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This will allow ophthalmologists the opportunity to intervene with treatment and attempt to prevent amblyopia or retard its further development (4) . The clinical profile of patients with anisometropic amblyopia may be useful in predicting responses to therapy, but compliance with treatment has a major effect on response to therapy (9) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual evoked potentials (VEP) and visual acuity improvement after cytidine 52 -diphosphocholine (CDP-Choline) therapy in amblyopic patient

Mendonça

Ferreira

2012

Rev. bras.oftalmol.

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Citicoline may be used in many neurological disorders. Combined treatment of citicoline with patching in amblyopia has previously been researched. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the effect of citicoline in non-patching amblyopic patient. A 11-year-old amblyopic RESUMOA citicolina pode ser utilizada em vários problemas neurológicos. O tratamento combinado de citicolina e oclusão na ambliopia já foi previamente relatado. O objetivo deste estudo é ilustrar o efeito da citicolina em paciente amblíope sem o tratamento oclusivo. Um menino de 11 anos de idade foi submetido a um exame oftalmológico completo incluindo PEV do tipo flash e do tipo padrão reverso. Para o PEV tipo flash, foram analisadas duas médias de 100 estímulos cada uma. Para o PEV do tipo padrão reverso, foram utilizados estímulos de alto contraste de 60', 30' e 15'. O PEV foi repetido 90 dias depois do tratamento com citicolina e vitaminas e os resultados comparados com os exames antes do tratamento. A acuidade visual era de 0,7 no olho direito e 1,0 no olho esquerdo. A amplitude do PEV era normal em ambos os olhos. Era presente um aumento da latência a todas as frequências espaciais de estimulação (FEE) no olho direito e somente à alta FEE no olho esquerdo. Após o tratamento, a acuidade visual era de 1,0 em ambos os olhos. A latência se normalizou à baixa FSS no olho direito e à alta FSS no olho esquerdo. O PEV tipo flash era normal antes e depois do tratamento. Em conclusão, a citicolina demonstrou ser eficaz no tratamento de olhos amblíopes sem oclusão. A melhora da acuidade visual e da latência do PEV demonstraram que a citicolina restaura a transmissão elétrica do impulso da retina ao cortex visual. Pesquisas futuras são necessárias para entender o efeito imediato e a longo prazo da citicolina no tratamento de pacientes amblíopes. Descritores: Ambliopia; Citidina difosfato colina; Potenciais evocados visuais; Relatos de casos

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“…Beyond the visual effects, this may result in disturbance of the child's self-esteem (49) and disruption of the family routine. Hence, these factors should be evaluated in each case before treatment is prescribed (51) .…”

Section: Main Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amblyopia: neural basis and therapeutic approaches

Bretas¹,

Soriano²

2016

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Abnormalities in visual processing caused by visual deprivation or abnormal binocular interaction may induce amblyopia, which is characterized by reduced visual acuity. Occlusion therapy, the conventional treatment, requires special attention as occlusion of the fellow normal eye may reduce its visual acuity and impair binocular vision. Besides recovering visual acuity, some researchers have recommended restoration of stereoacuity and motor fusion and reverse suppression in order to prevent diplopia. Recent studies have documented that the amblyopic visual cortex has a normal complement of cells but reduced spatial resolution and a disordered topographical map. Changes occurring in the late sensitive period selectively impact the parvocellular pathway. Distinct morphophysiologic and psychophysical deficits may demand individualization of therapy, which might provide greater and longer-lasting residual plasticity in some children.

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Risk factors for treatment failure of anisometropic amblyopia

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence of amblyopia and patterns of refractive error in the amblyopic children of a tertiary eye care center of Nepal

Prevalence of amblyopia and patterns of refractive error in the amblyopic children of a tertiary eye care center of Nepal

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) and visual acuity improvement after cytidine 52 -diphosphocholine (CDP-Choline) therapy in amblyopic patient

Amblyopia: neural basis and therapeutic approaches

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